AQUEOUS COATING MATERIALS

Abstract

Silicone resin dispersions containing at least one silicone resin having at least two differently substituted T units are used in aqueous coating materials producible therefrom for mineral building materials, wood or metal. The aqueous coating materials exhibit good hydrophobicity without beading, low water permeability, and acquire these properties rapidly after application.

Claims

1.-9. (canceled)

10. An aqueous silicone resin dispersion, comprising (A) 10-70 wt % of at least one silicone resin liquid at room temperature (25° C.), comprising at least 50% of repeating units of the formula (1)
R.sup.1(R.sup.2O).sub.bSiO.sub.(3−b/2)  (1) where R.sup.1 each independently are C1-C20 hydrocarbyl radicals which carry no or one or more heteroatoms, R.sup.2 each independently are C1-C6 hydrocarbyl radicals or a hydrogen radical, and b has a value of 0, 1 or 2, and 0 to at most 50% of repeating units of the formula (2),
R.sup.8.sub.c(R.sup.2O).sub.dSiO.sub.(4−c−d/2)  (2), where R.sup.8 each independently at each occurrence are C1-C20 hydrocarbyl radicals, R.sup.2 has the definition stated above, c is 0, 2 or 3, d is 0, 1, 2 or 3, with the proviso that c+d≦3, wherein the silicone resins comprise at least 2 repeating units of the formula (1), which are different from one another, in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, and which carry at least 2 radicals R.sup.1 which are different from one another and which differ from one another in their length or size by at least one hydrocarbon unit, 5% to 35% of all silicon-bonded substituents in formula (1) are of the subformula (R.sup.2O) in which R.sup.2 is a C1-C6 hydrocarbyl radical, at most 5% of all silicon-bonded substituents in formula (1) are of the subformula (R.sup.2O) in which R.sup.2 is a hydrogen radical, in at least 5% of all the repeating units of the formula (1), b=0, in at least 5% of all the repeating units of the formula (1), b=1, and in at most 25% of all the repeating units of the formula (1), b=2 B) 0-2 wt % of one or more organopolysiloxanes comprising SiC-bonded radicals with basic nitrogen, with the proviso that the amine number of the organopolysiloxanes with basic nitrogen is at least 0.01, (C) 0.1-30 wt % of at least one dispersing assistant, (D) 10-70 wt % of water, (E) 0.01-10 wt % of at least one auxiliary, and (F) 0 to 6 wt % of at least one alkylalkoxysilane whose alkyl radicals are C1-C20 alkyl radicals and whose alkoxy groups consist of oxygen-bonded C1-C6 alkyl radicals.

11. The aqueous silicone resin dispersion of claim 10, wherein R.sup.1 is selected from C1-C20 alkyl radicals without heteroatoms, and aryl radicals.

12. The aqueous silicone resin dispersion of claim 10, wherein R.sup.1 is selected from C1-C20 alkyl radicals without heteroatoms.

13. The aqueous silicone resin dispersion of claim 10, wherein R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-octyl, isooctyl radicals, and mixtures thereof.

14. The aqueous silicone resin dispersion of claim 10, wherein R.sup.1 are methyl and isooctyl radicals.

15. The aqueous silicone resin dispersion of claim 10, wherein R.sup.1 is selected such that there is a combination of at least one C1-C20 alkyl radical without heteroatoms with at least one aryl radical.

16. The aqueous silicone resin dispersion of claim 10, wherein R.sup.1 are methyl and phenyl radicals.

17. Aqueous coating materials, comprising at least one silicone resin dispersion of claim 10.

18. The aqueous coating materials of claim 17, which is a paint, stain, varnish or render.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0018] In the present text, substances are characterized by reporting of data obtained by means of instrumental analysis. The measurements involved either are carried out in accordance with publicly available standards, or are determined according to specially developed methods. In order to ensure that the teaching given is clear, the methods used are reported here:

Viscosity:

[0019] Unless otherwise reported, the viscosities are determined by rotational-viscosimetric measurement in accordance with DIN EN ISO 3219. Unless otherwise reported, all viscosity reports are valid at 25° C. and atmospheric pressure of 1013 mbar.

Refractive Index:

[0020] The refractive indices are determined in the wavelength range of visible light—unless otherwise reported, at 589 nm at 25° C. under atmospheric pressure of 1013 mbar in accordance with standard DIN 51423.

Transmission:

[0021] The transmission is determined by UV VIS spectroscopy. An example of a suitable instrument is the Jena Specord 200 analytical system.

[0022] The measurement parameters used are as follows: range: 190-1100 nm,

[0023] step length: 0.2 nm, integration time: 0.04 s, measurement mode: step operation. First there is a reference measurement (background). A quartz plate mounted on a sample holder (quartz plate dimensions: H×W approx. 6×7 cm, thickness approx. 2.3 mm) is inserted into the sample beam path and measured against air.

[0024] This is followed by the sample measurement. A quartz plate mounted on the sample holder and with sample applied—layer thickness of applied sample approx. 1 mm—is placed into the sample beam path and measured against air. Internal computation relative to background spectrum yields the transmission spectrum of the sample.

Molecular Compositions:

[0025] The molecular compositions are determined by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (regarding the terminology see ASTM E 386: High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR): Terms and symbols), with measurement of the .sup.1H nucleus and of the .sup.29Si nucleus.

Description of .SUP.1.H NMR Measurement

[0026] Solvent: CDCl.sub.3, 99.8% d

[0027] Sample concentration: about 50 mg/l ml CDCl.sub.3 in 5 mm NMR vial

[0028] Measurement without addition of TMS, spectral referencing of residual CHCl.sub.3 in CDCl.sub.3 at 7.24 ppm

[0029] Spectrometer: Bruker Avance I 500 or Bruker Avance HD 500

[0030] Probe head: 5 mm BBO probe head or SMART probe head (from Bruker)

Measuring Parameters:

[0031] Pulprog=zg30

[0032] TD=64 k

[0033] NS=64 or 128 (depending on the sensitivity of the probe head)

[0034] SW=20.6 ppm

[0035] AQ=3.17 s

[0036] D1=5 s

[0037] SFO1=500.13 MHz

[0038] O1=6.175 ppm

Processing Parameters:

[0039] SI=32 k

[0040] WDW=EM

[0041] LB=0.3 Hz

[0042] Depending on the type of spectrometer used, individual adjustments of the measurement parameters may be required.

Description of .SUP.29.Si NMR Measurement

[0043] Solvent: C.sub.6D.sub.6 99.8% d/CCl.sub.4 1:1 v/v with 1 wt % Cr(acac).sub.3 as relaxation reagent [0044] Sample concentration: about 2 g/1.5 ml solvent in 10 mm NMR vial [0045] Spectrometer: Bruker Avance 300 [0046] Probe head: 10 mm 1H/13C/15N/29Si glass-free QNP probe head (from Bruker)

Measuring Parameters:

[0047] Pulprog=zgig60

[0048] TD=64 k

[0049] NS=1024 (depending on the sensitivity of the probe head)

[0050] SW=200 ppm

[0051] AQ=2.75 s

[0052] D1=4 s

[0053] SFO1=300.13 MHz

[0054] O1=−50 ppm

Processing Parameters:

[0055] SI=64 k

[0056] WDW=EM

[0057] LB=0.3 Hz

[0058] Depending on the type of spectrometer used, individual adjustments of the measurement parameters may be required.

Molecular Weight Distributions:

[0059] Molecular weight distributions are determined as weight averages Mw and as number averages Mn, using the method of gel permeation chromatography (GPC or size exclusion chromatography (SEC)) with polystyrene standard and refractive index (RI) detector. Unless otherwise noted, THF is used as mobile phase and DIN 55672-1 applies. The polydispersity is the Mw/Mn quotient.

Glass Transition Temperatures:

[0060] The glass transition temperature is determined according to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to DIN 53765, perforated crucible, heating rate 10 K/min.

[0061] The invention thus pertains to aqueous silicone resin dispersions comprising

[0062] (A) 10-70 wt % of at least one silicone resin liquid at room temperature (25° C.), the liquid silicone resin [0063] comprising at least 50% of repeating units of the formula (1)

R.sup.1(R.sup.2O).sub.bSiO.sub.(3−b/2)  (1) [0064] where [0065] R.sup.1 denotes C1-C20 hydrocarbyl radicals which carry no or at least one heteroatom, [0066] R.sup.2 denotes C1-C6 hydrocarbyl radicals or a hydrogen radical, and [0067] b has a value of 0, 1 or 2, [0068] and 0 to at most 50% of repeating units of the formula (2),

R.sup.8.sub.c(R.sup.2O).sub.dSiO.sub.(4−c−d/2)  (2), [0069] where [0070] R.sup.8 independently at each occurrence denotes C1-C20 hydrocarbyl radicals, [0071] R.sup.2 has the definition stated above, [0072] c may be 0, 2 or 3, [0073] d may be 0, 1, 2 or 3, [0074] with the proviso that c+d 3, [0075] characterized in that [0076] the silicone resins comprise at least 2 repeating units of the formula (1), which are different from one another, in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, and which carry at least 2 radicals R.sup.1 which are different from one another and which differ from one another in their length or size by at least one hydrocarbon unit, [0077] 5% to 35% of all silicon-bonded substituents in formula (1) are of the subformula (R.sup.2O) in which R.sup.2 is a C1-C6 hydrocarbyl radical, [0078] at most 5% of all silicon-bonded substituents in formula (1) are of the subformula (R.sup.2O) in which R.sup.2 is a hydrogen radical, [0079] in at least 5% of all the repeating units of the formula (1), b=0, [0080] in at least 5% of all the repeating units of the formula (1), b=1, [0081] in at most 25% of all the repeating units of the formula (1), b=2

[0082] B) 0-2 wt % of at least one organopolysiloxane comprising SiC-bonded radicals with basic nitrogen, with the proviso that its amine number is at least 0.01,

[0083] (C) 0.1-30 wt % of at least one dispersing assistant,

[0084] (D) 10-70 wt % of water,

[0085] (E) 0.01-10 wt % of at least one auxiliary, and

[0086] (F) 0 to 6 wt % of at least one alkylalkoxysilane whose alkyl radicals are C1-C20 alkyl radicals and whose alkoxy groups consist of oxygen-bonded C1-C6 alkyl radicals.

[0087] The silicone resin dispersion preferably possesses a viscosity of between 10 and 50,000 mPas, more preferably 20-10,000 mPas, and most preferably 20-5000 mPas at 25° C.

[0088] Through appropriate selection of the preparation components and their relative amounts, the silicone resin dispersions of the invention can also be formulated in such a way that they result, rather than liquid emulsions, in paste-like aqueous preparations which have the form of a cream and possess viscosities of more than 100,000 mPas at 25° C.

[0089] The silicone resin dispersions of the invention are produced by the known, prior-art methods. From the silicone resin dispersions of the invention, by methods according to the prior art, aqueous coating materials of the invention are likewise obtained. The aqueous coating materials of the invention are produced by known methods from the prior art, with the characteristic feature that at least one silicone resin dispersion of the invention is admixed.

[0090] In a method for coating and for obtaining the advantageous properties of the coating materials of the invention on mineral building materials, wood or metal, the aqueous coating material of the invention is applied to mineral building materials, wood or metal.

[0091] The most important coating materials of the invention are paints, stains, varnishes and renders and are applied to mineral building materials, wood or metal. A particular characteristic of the silicone resin dispersions of the invention is that they produce aqueous coating materials for mineral building materials, wood or metal, characterized in that the water barrier effect of the coating materials even without the emulsifiers having been washed out attains a value in class 3 according to DIN EN 1062-3 (<0.1 kg/m.sup.2 h.sup.0.5). The mechanical strength tested according to DIN 53778-2 4 days after application attains a value of >10,000 abrasion cycles.

[0092] Moreover, no beading effect is obtained, indicating surface hydrophobicity, but instead a water droplet which is placed onto the surface spreads over that surface, but without entering into or passing through the paint coat. Accordingly, the coating materials of the invention produce coatings which at the same time allow water to spread on the surface and have a pronounced water barrier effect. The aqueous coating materials are preferably paints and stains, more particularly paints.

[0093] The coating materials suitable for the purposes of the invention are either supplied in dry form, but applied in the form of a water-containing preparation, such as powder paints and pulverulent dry renders, or are wet, such as paste-like, water-containing paints, examples being silicone resin paints, silicate paints and emulsion paints, or such as paste-like, water-containing renders, examples being synthetic resin renders and silicone resin renders.

[0094] The impregnating coating compositions suitable for the purposes of the invention can be classified according to application thickness, and are applied thickly, such as renders in the millimetre to centimetre range, or are applied thinly, such as hiding paints and varnishes in the 100 μm to 1 millimetre range, or translucently to hidingly such as impregnating materials and low-build and high-build stains in the 3 μm to 100 μm range.

[0095] The impregnating coating materials suitable for the purposes of the invention may be used both inside and out, preferably outdoors. Examples of coating materials of the invention used on buildings are silicate renders, dry renders, brush-applied fillers, reinforcing compounds, filling compounds, synthetic resin renders, mineral renders, silicone resin renders and synthetic resin-bound coatings. Preferred examples are interior paints, masonry paints, mineral paints, emulsion paints, silicone resin paints, silicone masonry paints, stains, varnishes, silicate emulsion paints, silicate paints, lime paints, and lime emulsion paints.

Silicone Resins (A)

[0096] Examples of hydrocarbyl radicals R.sup.1 are alkyl radicals, particularly C1-C3-alkyl radicals, and also C2-C20 alkyl radicals, and alkenyl radicals such as the vinyl, allyl, n-5-hexenyl, 4-vinylcyclohexyl and the 3-norbornenyl radical; aryl radicals such as the phenyl-, biphenylyl, naphthyl and anthryl and phenanthryl radical; alkaryl radicals such as o-, m- and p-tolyl radicals, xylyl radicals and ethylphenyl radicals; aralkyl radicals such as the benzyl radical, and the alpha- and the beta-phenylethyl radicals. Particularly preferred are the C1-C20-alkyl radicals and aryl radicals, not substituted by heteroatoms. In particular, C1-C16 alkyl radicals without heteroatoms, particularly the methyl, the ethyl, the n-octyl and the isooctyl radical.

[0097] The ratio of the two different repeating units (1) to one another is 1:100 to 100:1, preferably 1:99-99:1, more preferably 1:97 to 97:1, more particularly 1:96 to 96:1.

[0098] It is preferred, and has proved to be particularly advantageous, if the repeating unit (1) having the more carbon-rich substituent is present at not more than 75 mol % of all the repeating units of the formula (1). Conversely this means that the repeating unit (1) having the less carbon-rich substituent is present at not less than 25 mol % of all the repeating units of the formula (1). In one particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the repeating units of the formula (1) having the less carbon-rich substituent are present in the majority, i.e. more than 50 mol % of all the repeating units of the formula (1).

[0099] Examples of particularly preferred combinations of radicals R.sup.1 are such that R.sup.1 is selected such that at least one C1-C20 alkyl radical without heteroatoms is combined with at least one aryl radical, such as phenyl and methyl radicals, phenyl and ethyl radicals, isooctyl and phenyl radicals, and n-octyl and phenyl radicals. Further preferred combinations of two different C1-C16 alkyl radicals without heteroatoms are the n-butyl radical and the ethyl radical, the n-butyl radical and the methyl radical, the ethyl radical and the methyl radical, the n-octyl radical and the methyl radical, the isooctyl radical and the methyl radical, the n-octyl radical and the ethyl radical, the isooctyl radical and the ethyl radical, wherein the combination of phenyl radical and methyl radical, ethyl radical and methyl radical, isooctyl radical and methyl radical, ethyl radical and isooctyl radical, and phenyl radical and isooctyl radical, are particularly advantageous. A combination of methyl and isooctyl radicals and of methyl and phenyl radicals as the two different radicals R.sup.1 has proved to be particularly effective. In the case of the combination of isooctyl radical and methyl radical, there are preferably more repeating units of the formula (1) that carry methyl radicals than those that carry isooctyl radicals. The ratio of the number of repeating units of the formula (1) which carry methyl radicals to the number of repeating units of the formula (1) which carry isooctyl radicals is preferably 51:49 to 99:1, more preferably 55:45 to 98:2, more particularly 60:40 to 98:2. Ratios of 60:40, 70:30, 90:10 and 95:5 have proved to be particularly effective.

[0100] In the case of the combination of phenyl radicals and methyl radicals, the following ratios of the number of repeating units of the formula (1) which carry methyl radicals to the number of repeating units of the formula (1) which carry phenyl radicals are particularly preferred: 98:2 to 10:90, more preferably 98:2 to 20:80, more particularly 98:2 to 30:70. Ratios which have proved to be particularly advantageous are those in the ranges 98:2-70:30 and 25:75-40:60, especially 97:3, 95:5, 90:10, 70:30, 35:65 and 45:55.

[0101] Also possible and in accordance with the invention is the combination of more than two different radicals. In that case, the preferred ratios specified above for the combination of two different radicals are valid mutatis mutandis if the more carbon-richly substituted repeating units are added together and made into a ratio relative to the repeating unit which carries the smallest and/or the least carbon-rich substituent; in the manner described above, a distinction is made between combinations involving aromatic substituents and those not involving aromatic constituents. In the case where there are more than two different repeating units of the formula (1), as well, preferred combinations are those of methyl, ethyl, phenyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, isooctyl, more particularly of methyl, ethyl, phenyl and isooctyl, especially of methyl, phenyl and isooctyl.

[0102] Examples of the radicals R.sup.2 are the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, and tert-butyl radicals; pentyl radicals such as the n-pentyl radical, and hexyl radicals, such as the n-hexyl radical; the ethyl radicals are particularly preferred.

[0103] Preferably (A) is present in the silicone resin dispersion at from 10 to 65 wt %, more preferably from 25 to 60 wt %.

Organopolysiloxanes (B)

[0104] The organopolysiloxanes (B) are preferably those composed of units of the general formula (4)

R.sup.3.sub.a*R.sup.4.sub.b*(OR.sup.5).sub.c*SiO.sub.(4−a*−b*−c*)/2  (4)

[0105] in which [0106] R.sup.3 denotes identical or different monovalent, halogen-substituted or non-halogen-substituted, SiC-bonded C.sub.1-C.sub.20 hydrocarbyl radicals which are free of basic nitrogen, [0107] R.sup.4 denotes identical or different monovalent, halogen-substituted or non-halogen-substituted, SiC-bonded C.sub.1-C.sub.30 hydrocarbyl radicals containing basic nitrogen, [0108] R.sup.5 identically or differently is a hydrogen atom or C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl radicals, [0109] a* is 0, 1, 2 or 3, [0110] b* is 0, 1, 2 or 3, on average at least 0.05, and [0111] c* is 0, 1, 2 or 3,
with the proviso that the sum of a*, b* and c* is not more than 3 and that the amine number of the organopolysiloxane (B) is at least 0.01.

[0112] The amine number identifies the number of ml of 1N HCl required to neutralize 1 g of organopolysiloxane (B). The amine number of organopolysiloxane (B) is preferably at least 0.1, more preferably at least 0.2, and preferably not more than 8, more preferably not more than 4.

[0113] Examples and preferred examples of the radical R.sup.3 are the examples already disclosed above for radical R.sup.1. Particularly preferred for the radical R.sup.3 are the methyl radical and the isooctyl radical.

[0114] The radical R.sup.4 is preferably a radical of the general formula (3)

R.sup.6.sub.2NR.sup.7  (3)

[0115] where

[0116] R.sup.6 may be identical or different and is hydrogen or a monovalent, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 hydrocarbyl radical or C.sub.1-C.sub.10 aminohydrocarbyl radical and

[0117] R.sup.7 is a divalent C.sub.1-C.sub.15 hydrocarbyl radical

[0118] Examples of radical R.sup.6 are the examples already disclosed above, of hydrocarbyl radicals and also of hydrocarbyl radicals substituted by amino groups, such as aminoalkyl radicals, particular preference being given to the aminoethyl radical.

[0119] There is preferably at least one hydrogen atom bonded to each nitrogen atom in the radicals of the general formula (3).

[0120] Radical R.sup.7 preferably comprises divalent hydrocarbyl radicals having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more particularly the n-propylene radical.

[0121] Examples of radical R.sup.7 are the methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, cyclohexylene, octadecylene, phenylene and butylene radicals.

[0122] Preferred examples of radicals R.sup.4 are

[0123] H.sub.2N(CH.sub.2).sub.3—,

[0124] H.sub.2N(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH(CH.sub.2).sub.2—,

[0125] H.sub.2N(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH(CH.sub.2).sub.3—,

[0126] H.sub.2N(CH.sub.2).sub.2—,

[0127] H.sub.3CNH(CH.sub.2).sub.3—,

[0128] C.sub.2H.sub.5NH(CH.sub.2).sub.3—,

[0129] H.sub.3CNH(CH.sub.2).sub.2—,

[0130] C.sub.2H.sub.5NH(CH.sub.2).sub.2—,

[0131] H.sub.2N(CH.sub.2).sub.4—,

[0132] H.sub.2N(CH.sub.2).sub.5—,

[0133] H(NHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.3—,

[0134] C.sub.4H.sub.9NH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH(CH.sub.2).sub.2—,

[0135] cyclo-C.sub.6H.sub.11NH(CH.sub.2).sub.3—,

[0136] cyclo-C.sub.6H.sub.11NH(CH.sub.2).sub.2—,

[0137] (CH.sub.3).sub.2N(CH.sub.2).sub.3—,

[0138] (CH.sub.3).sub.2N(CH.sub.2).sub.2—,

[0139] (C.sub.2H.sub.5).sub.2N(CH.sub.2).sub.3— and

[0140] (C.sub.2H.sub.5).sub.2N(CH.sub.2).sub.2—.

[0141] The examples of alkyl radicals R.sup.1 are valid in full for radical R.sup.7 as well.

[0142] Examples and preferred examples of the radical R.sup.5 are C1-C6 radicals listed above for radical R.sup.1. Especially preferred are the methyl and the ethyl radical.

[0143] The preferred average value for a is 0 to 2, more particularly 0 to 1.8.

[0144] The preferred average value for b is 0.1 to 0.6, more particularly 0.15 to 0.30.

[0145] The preferred average value for c is 0 to 0.8, more particularly 0.01 to 0.6.

[0146] The organopolysiloxanes (B) preferably have a viscosity of 5 to 5000, more preferably of 100 to 3000 mm.sup.2/s at 25° C.

[0147] Organopolysiloxanes (B) can be prepared in a known way, for example by equilibration and/or condensing of amino-functional silanes with organopolysiloxanes which contain alkoxy groups and/or hydroxyl groups and which are free of basic nitrogen.

[0148] Preferably (B) is present in the silicone resin dispersion at 0.05-2 wt %, more preferably at 0.1-1.5 wt %.

(C) Dispersing Assistants

[0149] The aqueous silicone resin dispersion comprises dispersing assistants (C) as identified, for example, in 2006 McCutcheon's Emulsifiers & Detergents, North American Edition, MC Publishing Co., Glen Rock, N.J. Particularly suitable in this context are [0150] as anionic emulsifiers (C1): [0151] 1. Alkyl sulphates, especially those having a chain length of 8 to 18 C atoms, alkyl and alkaryl ether sulphates having 8 to 18 C atoms in the hydrophobic radical and 1 to 40 ethylene oxide (EO) and/or propylene oxide (PO) units. [0152] 2. Sulphonates, particularly alkylsulphonates having 8 to 18 C atoms, alkylarylsulphonates having 8 to 18 C atoms, taurides, full esters and monoesters of sulphosuccinic acid with monohydric alcohols or alkylphenols having 4 to 15 C atoms; these alcohols or alkylphenols may optionally also be ethoxylated with 1 to 40 EO units. [0153] 3. Alkali metal salts and ammonium salts of carboxylic acids having 8 to 20 C atoms in the alkyl, aryl, alkaryl or aralkyl radical. [0154] 4. Phosphoric partial esters and their alkali metal and ammonium salts, especially alkyl and alkaryl phosphates having 8 to 20 C atoms in the organic radical, alkyl ether phosphates and alkaryl ether phosphates having 8 to 20 C atoms in the alkyl or alkaryl radical, respectively, and 1 to 40 EO units. [0155] as non-ionic emulsifiers (C2): [0156] 5. Polyvinyl alcohol additionally having 5% to 50%, preferably 8% to 20%, of vinyl acetate units, with a degree of polymerization of 500 to 3000. [0157] 6. Alkyl polyglycol ethers, preferably those having 8 to 40 EO units and alkyl radicals of 8 to 20 C atoms. [0158] 7. Alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, preferably those having 8 to 40 EO units and 8 to 20 C atoms in the alkyl and aryl radicals. [0159] 8. Ethylene oxide/propylene oxide (EO/PO) block copolymers, preferably those having 8 to 40 EO and PO units. [0160] 9. Adducts of alkylamines having alkyl radicals of 8 to 22 C atoms with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide. [0161] 10. Fatty acids having 6 to 24 C atoms. [0162] 11. Alkylpolyglycosides of the general formula R*O—Z.sub.o, in which R* is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical having on average 8-24 C atoms and Z.sub.o is an oligoglycoside residue having on average o=1-10 hexose or pentose units or mixtures thereof. [0163] 12. Natural substances and derivatives thereof, such as lecithin, lanolin, saponins, cellulose; cellulose alkyl ethers and carboxyalkylcelluloses whose alkyl groups possess in each case up to 4 carbon atoms. [0164] 13. Linear organo(poly)siloxanes containing polar groups, especially those having alkoxy groups with up 24 C atoms and/or up to 40 EO and/or PO groups. [0165] as cationic emulsifiers (C3): [0166] 14. Salts of primary, secondary and tertiary fatty amines having 8 to 24 C atoms with acetic acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acids. [0167] 15. Quaternary alkylammonium and alkylbenzeneammonium salts, especially those whose alkyl groups possess 6 to 24 C atoms, more particularly the halides, sulphates, phosphates and acetates. [0168] 16. Alkylpyridinium, alkylimidazolinium and alkyloxazolinium salts, especially those whose alkyl chain possesses up to 18 C atoms, especially the halides, sulphates, phosphates and acetates. [0169] as ampholytic emulsifiers (C4): [0170] 17. Amino acids with long-chain substitution, such as N-alkyl-di(aminoethyl)glycine or N-alkyl-2-aminopropionoic salts. [0171] 18. Betaines, such as N-(3-acylamidopropyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium salts having a C8-C18 acyl radical, and alkylimidazolium betaines.

[0172] Preferred dispersing assistants are non-ionic emulsifiers (C2), especially the adducts of alkylamines with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide listed above under 9. the alkylpolyglycosides listed above under 11. and the polyvinyl alcohol listed above under 5. Particularly preferred polyvinyl alcohols also contain 5% to 20%, more particularly 10% to 15%, of vinyl acetate units and preferably have a degree of polymerization of 500 to 3000, more particularly of 1200 to 2000.

[0173] The fraction of the dispersing assistant (C) is preferably 1 to 30 wt %, more preferably 2 to 10 wt %, based on the total amount of silicone resin dispersion.

Water (D)

[0174] The aqueous silicone resin dispersions of the invention further comprise water (D), preferably at 10 to 70 wt %, more preferably 15 to 60 wt %, based on the total amount of silicone resin dispersion.

Auxiliaries (E)

[0175] As auxiliaries (E) it is possible to use all auxiliaries which are useful, such as, for example, emulsifiers for the homogeneous, stable dispersing of the silicone resin preparation in water. Further auxiliaries are, for example, silicone resins which differ from (A) or polyorganosiloxanes which differ from (B), silanes which differ from (F), organic solvents, wetting assistants, film-forming assistants, antifoams, adhesion promoters, flow control agents, crosslinking catalysts, pH modifiers, preservatives and solubilizers.

[0176] The fraction of the auxiliaries (E) is preferably 0.1 to 10 wt %, more particularly 0.1 to 8 wt %, based on the total amount of the silicone resin dispersion.

Alkylalkoxysilane (F) The C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl-C1-C6 alkoxysilanes (F) preferably possess 1 or 2 identical or different, optionally halogen-substituted, SiC-bonded, monovalent C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl radicals, and the remaining radicals are identical or different to C1-C6 alkoxy radicals, especially C.sub.2 or C.sub.3 alkoxy radicals. Particularly preferred are the alkyltrialkoxysilanes, such as octyltriethoxysilane and butyltriethoxysilane.

[0177] Examples of C.sub.2-C.sub.3 alkoxy radicals are the ethoxy, n-propoxy, and isopropoxy radicals. Ethoxy radicals are particularly preferred.

[0178] Methoxysilanes hydrolyse too quickly for many applications and have less storage stability than longer alkoxy radicals. For many applications, C.sub.4-C.sub.6 alkoxy radicals are too sluggish in reaction.

[0179] Examples of the C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl radicals in (F) are the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, and tert-pentyl radicals; hexyl radicals such as the n-hexyl radical; heptyl radicals such as the n-heptyl radical; octyl radicals such as the n-octyl radical and isooctyl radicals such as the 2,2,4-trimethylpentyl radical; nonyl radicals such as the n-nonyl radical; decyl radicals such as the n-decyl radical and dodecyl radicals, such as the n-dodecyl radical; cycloalkyl radicals such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 4-ethylcyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, norbornyl, and methylcyclohexyl radicals.

[0180] Examples of halogen-substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl radicals are alkyl radicals substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine atoms, such as the 3,3,3-trifluoro-n-propyl radical, the 2,2,2,2′,2′,2′-hexafluoroisopropyl radical, and the heptafluoroisopropyl radical.

[0181] Particularly preferred are the unsubstituted C.sub.4-C.sub.12 alkyl radicals.

[0182] If the (C.sub.1-C.sub.20)-alkyl-(C.sub.2-C.sub.3)-alkoxysilane (F) which acts as priming impregnating agent is present in the organopolysiloxane dispersion of the invention, it is preferably included in amounts of 0.05 to 0.95%, based on the overall aqueous preparation of the coating material. (F) is included preferably at between 0.1 to 0.8 wt %, more preferably 0.1 to 0.5 wt %, in the aqueous coating material.

[0183] A further subject of the invention are coatings produced by using the aqueous coating materials of the invention.

[0184] The aqueous silicone resin dispersions of the invention are suitable not only for impregnating porous substances, of the kind employed, for example, in the electrical insulant sector (e.g., glass fabric, mica), but also as casting and embedding compounds. On account of the mild curing conditions, the aqueous silicone resin dispersions of the invention have advantages in particular in processing together with temperature-sensitive components (e.g., electronic components, casting moulds).

[0185] The aqueous silicone resin dispersions of the invention may also serve, furthermore, for manipulating further properties of preparations comprising them, or of solid bodies or films obtained from aqueous polyorganosiloxane dispersions of the invention, such as, for example: [0186] controlling the electrical conductivity and the electrical resistance, [0187] controlling the flow properties of a preparation, [0188] controlling the gloss of a wet or cured film or of an article, [0189] increasing the weathering resistance, [0190] increasing the chemical resistance, [0191] increasing the shade stability, [0192] reducing the propensity to chalking, [0193] reducing or increasing the static and sliding friction on solid bodies or films obtained from preparations comprising an aqueous polyorganosiloxane dispersion of the invention, [0194] stabilizing or destabilizing foam in the preparation comprising aqueous polyorganosiloxane dispersions of the invention, [0195] improving the adhesion of the preparation comprising an aqueous polyorganosiloxane dispersion of the invention to substrates, [0196] controlling the filler and pigment wetting and dispersing behaviour, [0197] controlling the rheological properties of the preparation comprising an aqueous polyorganosiloxane dispersion of the invention, [0198] controlling the mechanical properties, such as flexibility, scratch resistance, elasticity, extensibility, bendability, tensile behaviour, resilience, hardness, density, tear resistance, compression set, behaviour at different temperatures, coefficient of expansion, abrasion resistance, and also further properties such as the thermal conductivity, combustibility, gas permeability, resistance to water vapour, hot air, chemicals, weathering, and radiation, and sterilizability, of solid bodies or films obtainable from preparations comprising an aqueous polyorganosiloxane dispersion of the invention, [0199] controlling the electrical properties, such as breakdown strength, creep resistance, arc resistance, surface resistance, specific breakdown resistance, flexibility, scratch resistance, elasticity, extensibility, bendability, tensile behaviour, resilience, hardness, density, tear resistance, compression set, behaviour at different temperatures of solid bodies or films obtainable from the preparation comprising aqueous polyorganosiloxane dispersions of the invention.

[0200] Examples of applications in which the aqueous silicone resin dispersions of the invention can be used in order to manipulate the properties identified above are the production of coating materials and impregnations and of coatings and coverings obtainable therefrom on substrates, such as metal, glass, wood, mineral substrate, synthetic fibres and natural fibres for producing textiles, carpets, floor coverings, or other products producible from fibres, leather, plastics such as films, mouldings. With appropriate selection of the preparation components, the aqueous silicone resin dispersions of the invention may be further employed in preparations as additives for defoaming, promoting flow, hydrophobizing, hydrophilizing, dispersing of filler and pigment, wetting of filler and pigment, substrate wetting, promotion of surface smoothness, reduction of static and sliding friction on the surface of the fully cured material obtainable from the additized preparation. The aqueous silicone resin dispersions of the invention can be incorporated in liquid form or in fully cured solid form into elastomer materials. In this context they can be used for reinforcing or for improving other service properties such as the control of transparency, heat resistance, yellowing propensity, and weathering resistance.

EXAMPLES

[0201] In the examples which follow, all parts and percentages data, unless otherwise indicated, relate to weight. Unless otherwise indicated, the examples below are carried out under the pressure of the surrounding atmosphere, in other words approximately at 1013 mbar, and at room temperature, in other words at approximately 25° C., or at a temperature which comes about when the reactants are combined at room temperature without additional heating or cooling. All viscosity data given in the examples relate to a temperature of 25° C. The solids content of the emulsions identifies the sum total of all components apart from water. Me denotes a methyl radical (—CH.sub.3). Ph denotes a phenyl radical (—C.sub.6H.sub.5). Et denotes an ethyl radical (—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.3). .sup.iOct denotes an isooctyl radical=2,2,4-trimethylpentyl radical. “I.” denotes inventive and “N.I.” denotes noninventive.

Example 1: Production of an Inventive and of a Noninventive Aqueous Silicone Resin Dispersion

[0202] Using the components set out in tabular form below, an inventive silicone resin dispersion is made in analogy to the prior art, as described in EP1583790B1, and also a noninventive dispersion. The quantities employed are reported in Table 1.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Chemical identity/ Components manufacturer I. N.I. Arlypon IT 5 Polyoxyethylene (5) 5.64 g 5.64 g isotridecyl ether (nonionic emulsifier, manufacturer Cognis GmbH, Illertissen) Arlypon IT 10 Polyoxyethylene (10) 7.08 g 7.08 g isotridecyl ether (nonionic emulsifier, manufacturer Cognis GmbH, Illertissen) Water 12.18 + 12.18 + 100.14 g 100.14 g Aminosilicone 50 weight percent 2.85 g 2.85 g oil emulsion aqueous dispersion of a polydiorganosiloxane, 99.3% of whose organic groups are methyl groups and 0.7% of whose organic groups are N-(2-aminoethyl)-3- amino-n-propyl groups and whose viscosity at 25° C. is 450 mm.sup.2/s N.I. Silicone 1. Silicone resin 1, 0.0 g  171.0 resin consisting of 90 mol % preparation MeSiO.sub.3/2 units (= T possessing units) and 10 mol % only one kind Me.sub.2SiO.sub.2/2 units, with of repeating 8 mol % of EtO radicals units of the and 2 mol % of silicon- formula (1) bonded HO radicals and no being distributed over mixture of at the T and D units, least two thereby giving the such units meaning of R.sup.7, and having 2. Silicone resin 2, different consisting of 100% of hydrocarbon MeSiO.sub.3/2 units (= T substituents: units), with 20 mol % of EtO radicals being distributed randomly over the T units of silicone resin 2, there being 80 percent by weight of silicone resin 1 and 20 percent by weight of silicone resin 2 in the mixture, and 3. Calculated on the mass of silicone resin 1, 10% by weight of triethoxyisooctyl silane, the siloxane-silane preparation being in dispersion in water and the fraction thereof in 100% of the dispersion being 50 percent by weight I. Silicone Silicone resin composed 171.00 g  0.0 g  resin of 90 mol % MeSiO.sub.3/2 units and 10 mol % .sup.iOctSiO.sub.3/2 units, with 18 mol % of EtO radicals and 1 mol % of HO radicals being distributed randomly over these T units Konservierer 10% solution of 2- 0.15 g 0.15 g MIT 10 methyl-4-isothiazolin- 3-one in water (preservative, manufacturer Rohm and Haas) PARMETOL Mixture of 5-chloro-2- 0.72 g 0.72 g A 28 S methyl-2H-isothiazol-3- one (CAS 26172-55-4) and 2-methyl-2H- isothiazol-3-one (CAS 2682-20-4) (Preservative, manufacturer Schülke & Mayr GmbH, Norderstedt) Triethanol- Triethanolamine 0.24 g 0.24 g amine

Example 2: Inventive and Noninventive Architectural Preservative Coating with Supercritical Pigment Volume Concentration (PVC)

[0203] The following components were combined by mixing using a high-speed Rotor Stator mixer of customary commercial form, to give an inventive and a noninventive architectural preservative coating. The quantities employed are reported in Table 2.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 I. N.I. Quantities Quantities Component in g in g Water 310 310 In-can preservative 2.0 2.0 Film preservative 10.0 10.0 Cellulose thickener 3.0 3.0 PU thickener 2.0 2.0 Polyphosphate, sodium salt 2.0 2.0 Polyacrylate, sodium salt 2.0 2.0 Silicone antifoam 3.0 3.0 Titanium dioxide pigment 120.0 120.0 Silicatic filler 80.0 80.0 Talc 40.0 40.0 Calcium carbonate 215.0 215.0 Matting filler 12.0 12.0 Sodium hydroxide solution, 10% 1.0 1.0 Film-forming assistant 10.0 10.0 I. aqueous silicone resin 83.0 0 preparation as per Example 1 N.I. aqueous silicone resin 0 83.0 preparation as per Example 1 Styrene acrylate dispersion, 50% in 95.0 95.0 water, with a styrene to butyl acrylate ratio such as to produce a minimum film-forming temperature of 15° C. for the polymer Total: 990 990

[0204] The formula results in an inventive and a noninventive porous coating, since the pigment volume concentration (PVC) thereof is above the critical PVC.

Example 3: Performance Tests of the Inventive and of the Noninventive Construction Coating from Example 2

[0205] Testing of the construction coatings from Examples 2 for their service properties, in accordance with the standard specifications listed in Table 3:

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Test standard Unconditioned water permeability rate (w.sub.24 Measurement to ISO in kg/m.sup.2h.sup.0.5) 1062-3 but without prior conditioning Water permeability rate (w.sub.24 in kg/m.sup.2h.sup.0.5) ISO 1062-3 Scrub resistance after conditioning: Measurement to DIN storage for 4 d under standard conditions of 53778-2 23° C. and 50% relative humidity Scrub resistance after 200 h QUV-B Measurement to DIN weathering 53778-2 Surface hydrophobicity through beading In-house testing effect protocol

Procedure for Determining the Surface Hydrophobicity:

[0206] One droplet of water (volume 1 ml) is applied from a pipette to the surface under test. After 10 minutes, visual examination evaluates how effectively the droplet wets the surface.

Evaluation System:

[0207] 1=substrate is not wetted, and water droplet beads off completely and without residue from an inclined surface (slope 30° relative to the plane)

[0208] 2=good beading effect but individual small droplets of water remain hanging on the surface

[0209] 3=substrate is partly wetted, with water droplet beading off incompletely

[0210] 4=substrate is wetted, and the water droplet no longer beads off

[0211] 5=substrate is wetted, and the water droplet spreads

[0212] The results obtained are set out in Table 4.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 I. N. I. Construction Coating from coating from Example 2 Example 2 Uncond. w.sub.24 in kg/m.sup.2h.sup.0.5 0.23 0.07 w.sub.24 in kg/m.sup.2h.sup.0.5 0.09 0.06 Scrub resistance after 8600 >10 000 conditioning Scrub resistance after QUV-B >10 000 >10 000 Surface hydrophobicity 1 4

[0213] When using the aqueous silicone resin dispersion of the invention, it is observed that the water permeability rate is very low even without conditioning. This low rate is maintained after conditioning. The scrub resistance of the paint comprising the aqueous silicone resin dispersion of the invention is already at the highest level defined by the specified standard after simple conditioning. This level is maintained after weathering. The most conspicuous effect brought about by the aqueous silicone resin dispersion of the invention is the surprising and new combination of low water permeability in conjunction with low surface hydrophobicity. Since the paint formulations consist of the same components in the same proportions, this effect can be explained only by the difference in behaviour between the inventive and the noninventive silicone resin dispersion.

Example 4: Production of an Inventive and of a Noninventive Aqueous Silicone Resin Dispersion

[0214] An inventive silicone resin dispersion is manufactured in analogy to the noninventive dispersion in accordance with the prior-art description in EP1583790B1, from the constituents listed in tabular form below. The quantities employed are reported in Table 5.

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Chemical identity/ Components manufacturer I. N.I. Arlypon IT 16 Polyoxyethylene (16) 6.0 g 6.0 g (80% aqueous isotridecyl ether solution) (nonionic emulsifier, manufacturer Cognis GmbH, Illertissen) Water 3.5 + 3.5 + 38.24 g 38.24 g E. Silicone Silicone resin 52.0 g  0.0 g resin composed of 95 mol % MeSiO.sub.3/2 units and 5 mol % PhSiO.sub.3/2 units, with 17 mol % of EtO radicals and 1.6 mol % of HO radicals distributed randomly over these T units N.I. Silicone 1. Silicone resin 1, 0.0 g 52.0 g  resin consisting of 90 mol % MeSiO.sub.3/2 units (= T units) and 10 mol % Me.sub.2SiO.sub.2/2 units, with 8 mol % of EtO radicals and 2 mol % of silicon-bonded HO radicals being distributed over the T and D units, thereby giving the meaning of R.sup.7, and 2. Silicone resin 2, consisting of 100% of MeSiO.sub.3/2 units (= T units), with 20 mol % of EtO radicals being distributed randomly over the T units of silicone resin 2, there being 80 percent by weight of silicone resin 1 and 20 percent by weight of silicone resin 2 in the mixture, and 3. Calculated on the mass of silicone resin 1, 10% by weight of triethoxyisooctyl silane, the siloxane-silane preparation being in dispersion in water and the fraction thereof in 100% of the dispersion being 50 percent by weight Konservierer 10% solution of 2- 0.1 g 0.1 g MIT 10 methyl-4- isothiazolin-3-one in water (preservative, manufacturer Rohm and Haas) PREVENTOL ®BIT 10 10% strength alkaline 0.1 g 0.1 g solution of 1,2- benzisothiazolin-3- one (preservative, manufacturer LANXESS) Triethanolamine Triethanolamine  0.06 g  0.06 g

Example 5: Inventive and Noninventive Construction Coating Using the Inventive and the Noninventive Aqueous Silicone Resin Dispersions from Example 4

[0215] The following components were combined by mixing using a high-speed Rotor Stator mixer of customary commercial form, to give an inventive and a noninventive architectural preservative coating (aqueous coating material). The quantities employed are reported in Table 6.

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 I. N.I. Quantity Quantity Component [g] [g] Water 353.9 353.9 In-can preservative 2.0 2.0 Film preservative 10.0 10.0 Cellulose thickener 3.0 3.0 PU thickener 2.0 2.0 Polyphosphate, sodium salt 2.0 2.0 Polyacrylate, sodium salt 2.0 2.0 Silicone antifoam 4.0 4.0 Titanium dioxide pigment 117.0 117.0 Silicatic filler 78.0 78.0 Talc 39.0 39.0 Calcium carbonate 209.5 209.5 Matting filler 11.5 11.5 Sodium hydroxide solution, 10% 1.1 1.1 Inventive aqueous silicone resin 40.0 0.0 preparation as per Example 4 Noninventive aqueous silicone resin 0.0 40.0 dispersion as per Example 4 Vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer 125.0 125.0 dispersion, 60% in water Total: 1000 1000

[0216] The formula results in an inventive and a noninventive porous coating, since the pigment volume concentration (PVC) thereof is above the critical PVC.

Example 6: Performance Tests of the Inventive and of the Noninventive Construction Coating from Example 5

[0217] The testing of the construction coatings from Examples 5 for their service properties takes place in analogy to Example 3.

[0218] The results obtained are shown in Table 7.

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 N. I. I. Construction Coating from coating from Example 5 Example 5 Uncond. w.sub.24 in kg/m.sup.2h.sup.0.5 0.72 0.25 w.sub.24 in kg/m.sup.2h.sup.0.5 0.17 0.15 Scrub resistance after 8456 >10,000 conditioning Scrub resistance after QUV-B >10,000 >10,000 Surface hydrophobicity 1 5

[0219] When using the aqueous silicone resin dispersion of the invention, it is observed that the water permeability rate is much lower even without conditioning than in the case of the comparable noninventive construction coating. This low rate is maintained after conditioning. The scrub resistance of the paint comprising the aqueous silicone resin dispersion of the invention is already at the highest level defined by the specified standard after simple conditioning. This level is maintained after weathering. The most conspicuous effect brought about by the aqueous silicone resin dispersion of the invention is the surprising and new combination of low water permeability in conjunction with low surface hydrophobicity. Since the paint formulations consist of the same components in the same proportions, this effect can be explained only by the difference in behaviour between the inventive and the noninventive silicone resin dispersion.