CHEMICAL REACTORS

Abstract

A chemical reactor is implemented on a substrate. The chemical reactor has multiple ducts for transporting a fluid and/or gas during use of the chemical reactor, in which the ducts optionally include pillar structures and at least one connection duct connected between two of the multiple ducts for transporting the fluid and/or gas from one duct to another. In the connection duct, a series of individual pillar structures are positioned behind each other in the longitudinal direction of the connection duct.

Claims

1.-14. (canceled)

15. A chemical reactor implemented on a substrate, the chemical reactor comprising: multiple ducts for transporting a fluid and/or gas during use of the chemical reactor, in which the ducts optionally comprise pillar structures; and at least one connection duct connected between two of the multiple ducts for transporting the fluid and/or gas from one duct to another in which, in the connection duct, a series of individual pillar structures are positioned behind each other in the longitudinal direction of the connection duct so that for each transverse section perpendicular to the average direction of flow in the connection duct, at most one full pillar structure occurs.

16. The chemical reactor according to claim 15, in which the connection duct bends and as such makes a connection between two of the multiple ducts.

17. The chemical reactor according to claim 15, in which the connection duct shows a widening in positions where a pillar structure occurs.

18. The chemical reactor according to claim 15, in which, in various transverse sections perpendicular to the average direction of flow in the connection duct, the surface of free passage for fluid varies less than 30%.

19. The chemical reactor according to claim 15, in which the pillar structures have a diameter which is at least 20% of the average width of the connection duct.

20. The chemical reactor according to claim 15, in which the distance between two neighbouring pillars in the connection duct is between 1 and 10 times the average diameter of the pillar structures.

21. The chemical reactor according to claim 15, in which the pillar structures in the connection duct have a cylindrical shape.

22. The chemical reactor according to claim 15, in which the connection duct shows a bend.

23. The chemical reactor according to claim 15, in which the multiple ducts comprise a plurality of substantially parallel ducts, and in which the substantially parallel ducts are connected to connection ducts which form a U bend each time.

24. The chemical reactor according to claim 15, in which the chemical reactor comprises a chromatographic column.

25. The chemical reactor according to claim 15, in which the chemical reactor is a chromatography system.

26. The chemical reactor according to claim 25, in which the chromatography system is a high-performance fluid chromatography system.

27. The chemical reactor according to claim 15, in which the connection duct is connected between two of the multiple ducts such that the first duct, the connection duct and the second duct are downstream behind each other.

28. The chemical reactor according to claim 15, in which the connection duct is connected between two of the multiple ducts such that, when in use, the identical flow rate flows through the first duct, the connection duct and the second duct.

Description

SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0028] FIGS. 1a and 1b illustrate a part of a chemical reactor whereby ducts are connected to a bend which comprises a plurality of pillar structures (FIG. 1a) or without pillar structures (FIG. 1b), as known from the state of the art.

[0029] FIG. 2 illustrates a microscopic photo of a part of a duct and a part of a bend with pillar structures according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0030] FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C illustrate detail photos of components of a chemical reaction according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0031] The figures are only schematic and not restrictive. It is possible that, for illustrative purposes, the dimensions of some components are exaggerated and not represented to scale in the figures. The dimensions and relative dimensions do not necessarily correspond with the ones from practical embodiments of the invention. Reference numbers used in the claims may not be interpreted to restrict the scope of protection.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

[0032] The present invention will be described referring to specific embodiments and to certain figures, but the invention is not restricted by them and is only restricted by the claims.

[0033] It should be noted that the terms “contain” and “comprise”, as used in the claims, should not be interpreted as being restricted to the items described thereafter; these terms do not exclude any other elements or steps. They may be interpreted as specifying the presence of the features, values, steps or components indicated which are referred to, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or several other features, values, steps or components, or groups thereof. Therefore, the extent of the expression “a device containing items A and B” should not be restricted to devices consisting of components A and B only. It means that in respect of the present invention, A and B are the only relevant components of the device.

[0034] References throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” mean that a specific feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment has been included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, occurrences of the expressions “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various locations throughout this specification do not necessarily all need to refer to the same embodiment but may do so. Furthermore, the specific features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner, as would be clear to a person skilled in the art on the basis of this publication, in one or several embodiments.

[0035] Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the description of sample embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in one single embodiment, figure or description thereof intended to streamline the publication and to help the understanding of one or several of the various inventive aspects. This method of publication should therefore not be interpreted as a reflection of an intention that the invention requires more features than explicitly mentioned in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in fewer than all features of one single previously publicised embodiment. Therefore, the claims following on from the detailed description have been explicitly included in this detailed description, with every independent claim being a separate embodiment of this invention.

[0036] Furthermore, while some embodiments described herein contain some, but not other, features included in other embodiments, combinations of features from various embodiments are intended to be within the scope of the invention, and they form various embodiments as would be understood by the person skilled in the art. For example, in the following claims, any of the embodiments described may be used in any combination.

[0037] Where reference is made, in embodiments of the present invention, to a section in which at most one full pillar structure is visible, reference is made to the situation in which the section comprises at most one pillar which is in the duct and which does not touch the side walls of the duct.

[0038] Where reference is made, in embodiments of the present invention, to various transverse sections, reference is made to various transverse sections perpendicular to the average direction of flow, positioned in various positions along the average direction of flow of the connection duct.

[0039] Where reference is made, in embodiments of the present invention, to a surface of free passage for fluid in various transverse sections perpendicular to the average direction of flow in the connection duct that varies less than X %, reference is made to a situation whereby the largest surface of free passage which can be retraced across all transverse sections perpendicular to the average direction of flow in the connection duct is not larger than 100%+X % than the smallest surface of free passage that can be retraced across all transverse sections perpendicular to the average direction of flow in the connection duct.

[0040] Where reference is made, in embodiments of the present invention, to the term widening of the connection duct, reference is made to the distance between the side walls of the connection duct in the direction perpendicular to the average direction of flow in the connection duct.

[0041] Where reference is made, in embodiments of the present invention, to the term average width of the connection duct, reference is made to the width of the duct measured in the direction perpendicular to the average direction of flow in the connection duct.

[0042] In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a chemical reactor. Such a chemical reactor may be a chromatographic column but is not restricted to this. Other examples of chemical reactors which may derive advantage from the present inventions may for example be enrichment filters or trapping columns, reactors with (micro) catalysts, multi-phase reactors, fuel cells, electrochemical reactors, reactors for capillary electrochromatography, etc. The present invention relates to a chemical reactor implemented on a substrate.

[0043] The chemical reactor comprises multiple ducts for transporting a fluid and/or gas during use of the chemical reactor, in which the ducts optionally comprise pillar structures. Such ducts are often micro-fluid ducts. These ducts are typically interconnected in series in order to obtain a sufficiently long column for accurately separating substances. The chemical reactor also comprises at least one connection duct connected between two of the multiple ducts for transporting the fluid and/or gas from one duct to another. Therefore, such a connection duct typically creates the bends in the design and may for example have a U shape. Pillar structures are provided in the connection duct. They are positioned as a series of individual pillar structures behind each other in the longitudinal direction of the connection duct. The pillar structures are therefore placed in a row so that for each transverse section of the connection duct, at most one full pillar structure occurs. Partial pillar structures may be placed against the wall so that the inner wall of the ducts is not a straight wall but shows bends. The wall may for example be adjusted so that the surface of free passage for fluid in various transverse sections in the connection duct varies less than 30%, preferably less than 20%, yet more preferably less than 10%. Hereby, the connection duct is typically wider in positions where pillar structures occur.

[0044] The pillar structures that are in the connection ducts typically have a diameter which is at least 20%, preferably at least 40% of the average width of the connection duct. The distance between two neighbouring pillars in the series of individual pillar structures in the connection duct may be between 1 and 10 times the average diameter of the pillar structures in embodiments, for example between 1 and 5 times the average diameter of the pillar structures.

[0045] The shape of the pillar structures in the connection duct may be cylindrical, although embodiments are not restricted by this. For example, pillars with a hexagonal, polygonal, elliptic, oval, etc. section may be used or even pillars with a more irregular shape.

[0046] The width of the connection ducts is typically smaller than the width of the ducts in order to keep dispersion in the connection ducts to a minimum. The ratio of the width of the connection ducts in relation to the width of the ducts is typically between 1 and 1/100. The present invention is also advantageous the wider the connection ducts are, because the pillars may provide an additional strength.

[0047] The chemical reaction typically also has an inlet connected to one of the multiple effective ducts for the fluid/gas to enter into the ducts, and an outlet connected to one of the multiple effective ducts for at least one component of the fluid/gas to be discharged from the ducts.

[0048] The materials from which the reactor is made may correspond with materials as known from the state of the art. Typically, materials are used which may be anodised.

[0049] The features of the ducts and possible pillars may correspond with these as known from the state of the art. The ducts may for example have a width between 50 μm and 250 mm, for example between 50 μm and 100 mm, for example between 50 μm and 100 mm, for example between 50 μm and 20 mm. The ducts may have a depth between 2 μm and 1 mm, for example between 2 μm and the typical wafer thickness of a silicon disk. The pillars in the ducts may have a typical dimension between 100 nm and 3 mm, for example between 100 nm and 100 μm.

[0050] As an illustration, FIG. 2 shows a microscopic photo of a part of a duct and a connection duct according to an example of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] FIG. 3A shows a first example of a part of a design for a chemical reactor, whereby a plurality of parallel effective ducts are provided which comprise pillar structures and which are interconnected via connection ducts. In FIG. 3B, a part of the ducts and the bend are shown in more detail and FIG. 3C shows a detail of micropillars in the connection duct for a specific example, by which embodiments are not restricted. It will be clear to the person skilled in the art that this example is shown as an illustration only and that the specific dimensions indicated in the figure are illustrative only and not restrictive.