ELECTRIC MACHINE AND HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Abstract

The disclosure relates to an electric machine and a hybrid electric vehicle. The electric machine includes at least one first group of superconducting coils arranged to guide a magnetic flow at least along a U-shaped course. The hybrid electric aircraft is, in particular, an aeroplane and has an electric machine of this type.

Claims

1. An electric machine comprising: at least one group of superconducting spools arranged to guide a magnetic flux at least along a u-shaped profile.

2. The electric machine of claim 1, wherein the superconducting spools of the at least one group surround the u-shaped profile and/or a longitudinal center line of the u-shaped profile circumferentially.

3. The electric machine of claim 1, wherein the superconducting spools have winding planes that extend along curve radii of a curve section of the u-shaped profile.

4. The electric machine of claim 1, wherein the u-shaped profile extends within a profile plane and the superconducting spools have winding planes that extend perpendicular to the profile plane.

5. The electric machine of claim 1, further comprising: a rotor; and a stator, wherein the at least one group of superconducting spools is arranged on the rotor or the stator of the electric machine.

6. The electric machine of claim 1, wherein the at least one group is a plurality of groups of superconducting spools, and wherein legs of the u-shaped profile respectively extend in a same direction from an apex of the u-shaped profile.

7. The electric machine of claim 1, wherein the at least one group is a plurality of groups of superconducting spools, and wherein legs of the u-shaped profile of at least two groups of the plurality of groups are directed toward one another.

8. The electric machine of claim 1, wherein the electric machine is an electric motor and/or a generator.

9. The electric machine of claim 1, wherein the superconducting spools comprise yttrium-barium-copper oxide.

10. A hybrid electric vehicle comprising: an electric machine having at least one group of superconducting spools arranged to guide a magnetic flux at least along a u-shaped profile.

11. The hybrid electric vehicle of claim 10, wherein the hybrid electric vehicle is an aerial vehicle.

12. The hybrid electric vehicle of claim 11, wherein the aerial vehicle is an aircraft.

13. The electric machine of claim 2, wherein the superconducting spools have winding planes that extend along curve radii of a curve section of the u-shaped profile.

14. The electric machine of claim 13, wherein the u-shaped profile extends within a profile plane and the winding planes that extend perpendicular to the profile plane.

15. The electric machine of claim 2, wherein the u-shaped profile extends within a profile plane and the superconducting spools have winding planes that extend perpendicular to the profile plane.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The disclosure is explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing, in which:

[0025] FIG. 1 depicts an example of a sector of an electric machine with a group of superconducting rotor spools schematically in a view in the direction of an axis of rotation of a rotor of the machine.

[0026] FIG. 2 depicts a further exemplary embodiment of a group of superconducting rotor spools schematically in a view in the direction of the axis of rotation.

[0027] FIG. 3 depicts a further example of an electric machine with a double rotor with a further exemplary embodiment of a group of superconducting rotor spools schematically in a side view in the direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the double rotor.

[0028] FIG. 4 depicts a further example of an electric machine schematically in a side view in the direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The sector of an electric machine 10 shown in FIG. 1 shows a stator 20 with conventional stator spools 30 and a rotor 40 rotatable about an axis of rotation R with a first group 50 of superconducting rotor spools 60.

[0030] In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the group 50 of superconducting rotor spools 60 are arranged with their winding planes perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. Those directions of extent of the winding planes which run parallel to the plane of the drawing extend along the three ends of the bars of an imaginary T shape. Thus, beginning from a first end of a transverse bar of the T shape, via the end of a central bar of the T shape to the second end of the transverse bar of the T shape, the superconducting rotor spools 60 are progressively rotated respectively and mutually by 90 degrees. The superconducting rotor spools 60 are wound and energized in such a way that, with this imaginary rotation of the superconducting rotor spools 60 relative to one another by 90 degrees, the energization of the superconducting rotor spools 60 does not otherwise change apart from this rotation. Consequently, the magnetic flux is guided in the superconducting rotor spools 60 in such a way that, starting from the first end of the transverse bar of the T shape, the magnetic flux runs perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the transverse bar, then at the end of the central bar of the T shape runs perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of this central bar and then at the second end of the transverse bar of the T shape runs perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the transverse bar. In the imaginary T shape, the transverse bar is arranged near that end of the rotor 40 facing the stator, and the central bar extends away from the transverse bar in the direction away from the stator.

[0031] Consequently, the magnetic flux of the superconducting rotor spools 60 describes a profile V in the form of a U shape around the imaginary connection point of the transverse bar and the central bar of the imaginary T shape, the U shape having legs at the end of the transverse bar and an apex at the end of the central bar.

[0032] The legs of the U shape of the profile V of the magnetic flux are oriented parallel to one another and, viewed from the apex of the U shape of the profile, extend in the direction of the stator.

[0033] The group 50 of rotor spools 60 continues circumferentially in further sectors of the electric machine 10.

[0034] In principle, the group 50 of rotor spools 60 may differ in detail from the previously described group 50 of rotor spools 60. For example, additional rotor spools 60 may be provided, arranged between the already existing rotor spools 60 in such a way that the winding planes of the superconducting rotor spools 60 are not respectively rotated by 90 degrees in relation to one another as described above, but rather as in FIG. 2 extend radially from the imaginary connection point between the transverse bar and the center bar offset by 45 degrees in each case in the manner of spokes.

[0035] In the case of the double rotor 340 shown in FIG. 3, instead of a single rotor spool 360 with a winding plane extending along the end of the center bar and perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, there are two rotor spools 370 parallel to one another, which are however dimensioned smaller in terms of winding circumference.

[0036] In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the rotor spools 360, 370 are arranged with the u-shaped profile in such a way that the legs of the u-shaped profile extend in the direction of the axis of rotation R from the apex. The double rotor 240 includes two rotor disks which axially enclose stator spools 375 oriented in the direction of the axis of rotation R. The rotor spools 360, 370 respectively form in each rotor disk a group 380 of rotor spools 360, the legs of the u-shaped profile of which are directed toward one another so that they may be closed by stator spools.

[0037] As shown in FIG. 4, in a further exemplary embodiment, the superconducting spools may also be arranged in such a way that the legs of the u-shaped profile V extend in the radial direction.

[0038] In all of the exemplary embodiments shown, the rotor 40, 240, RT of the electric machine 10 is cooled to cryogenic temperatures of below 90 Kelvin for operation. For this purpose, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, formed in a rotor shaft S of the rotor RT of the electric machine is a coolant path P, which conducts coolant through the rotor RT. In this way the rotor RT is cooled to cryogenic temperatures.

[0039] The hybrid electric aircraft 500 shown in FIG. 5 has an electric machine 10 as described above. The electric machine 10 works as an electric motor and drives a propeller 510 of the hybrid electric aircraft 500.

[0040] Although the disclosure has been described and illustrated more specifically in detail by the exemplary embodiments, the disclosure is not restricted by the disclosed examples and other variations may be derived therefrom by a person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of protection of the disclosure. It is therefore intended that the foregoing description be regarded as illustrative rather than limiting, and that it be understood that all equivalents and/or combinations of embodiments are intended to be included in this description.

[0041] It is to be understood that the elements and features recited in the appended claims may be combined in different ways to produce new claims that likewise fall within the scope of the present disclosure. Thus, whereas the dependent claims appended below depend from only a single independent or dependent claim, it is to be understood that these dependent claims may, alternatively, be made to depend in the alternative from any preceding or following claim, whether independent or dependent, and that such new combinations are to be understood as forming a part of the present specification.