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A fluorescent lamp having excellent color rendering property and high luminous efficiency comprises a fluorescent layer coated on an inner surface of a discharge tube. The fluorescent layer mainly comprises a first fluorescent material having-emission peak in a range of wavelength of 480 to 490 nm which is an alkaline earth metal boron phosphate activated by a divalent europium compound having the formula wherein the parameters x, y, p, m and n are in ranges of 0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.5 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.2 0.001.ltoreq.p.ltoreq.0.15 1.75.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.2.30 and 0.05.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.0.23 and a second fluorescent material having the emission peak in a range of wavelength of 620 to 649 nm and a band width (50%) of 120 to 160 nm.

A stepped combination apparatus comprises transferring means for moving a bundle of component wires arranged in plural rows and plural lines in the longitudinal direction; pushing means for pushing the component wires to the line direction to put out a component wire at the opposite side; shifting means for shifting the component wire which is put out by the pushing means, to the other row; and stepped-bending means for stepped-bending the component wire which is put out. The operation time can be significantly shortened and a U-shape bundle of component wires can be treated by the apparatus.

A stepped combination apparatus comprises transferring means for moving a bundle of component wires arranged in plural rows and plural lines in the longitudinal direction; pushing means for pushing the component wires to the line direction to put out a component wire at the opposite side; shifting means for shifting the component wire which is put out by the pushing means, to the other row; and stepped-bending means for stepped-bending the component wire which is put out. The operation time can be significantly shortened and a U-shape bundle of component wires can be treated by the apparatus.

A rectangular array of 6.times.150 bits is divided into 50 rectangular arrays of 8.times.3 bits with 2 check bits added, resulting in 50 codes C.sub.2. This encoding is executed 50 times to form a rectangular array of 8.times.150 bits and each of its rows is encoded into a code C.sub.1 of 166 bits with 16 check bits added. This encoding is executed eight times to form a codeword of a generalized product code, which includes 8.times.166 bits and each row following 12 synchronizing bits. Errors are detected in the codes C.sub.1 decoded from the codeword to produce erasure information which is utilized to correct the code C.sub.2. Then, the original array is reproduced.

An interframe video data coding and decoding apparatus utilizes a differential amplitude suppression circuit in combination with a block encoder and a motion detector to non-linearly suppress amplitude values of interframe differential block data based on a motion detection threshold value determined by an encoding control circuit. The determined threshold value is based on the amount of encoded data being stored in a transmission buffer memory. The suppressed amplitude differential block data is added to corresponding blocks in a frame memory to update the contents of the frame memory during each frame of input video data. In another embodiment, vector quantization encoders are utilized to transmit a motion vector index with encoded frame differential data. In yet another embodiment, a time integral circuit integrates a continuous input video signal series by frame and writes the integrated frame signal into one of two frame memories, while interframe coding is performed on data stored in the other frame memory. Two transmission buffers are provided so that transmission can occur simultaneously with writing of the encoded interframe data into the buffer, by alternating switched connections of the two buffers.

A thin film magnet and a cylindrical ferromagnetic thin film having a high maximum energy product (greater than 120 kJ/m.sup.3) and thus suitable for use in miniature high performance devices are provided. The thin film magnet is produced by means of physical vapor deposition. The thin film magnet is an (Nd.sub.1-x R.sub.x).sub.y M.sub.1-y-z B.sub.z alloy having a ferromagnetic compound of the Nd.sub.2 Fe.sub.14 B type as its main phase, wherein R is Tb, Ho, and Dy and M is Fe metal or an Fe-based alloy including at least one of Co and Ni, 0.04.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.10,0.11.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.15, and 0.08.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.0.15. A perpendicular magnetization film having such a composition is deposited on the side wall of a substrate in the columnar (or cylindrical) form thereby obtaining a cylindrical ferromagnetic thin film having radial anisotropy.

A second decoder (114) of an instruction decode unit (119) decodes an operation code for a multiply-add operation, and a second operation unit (117) receives two data stored in a register file (115) to perform the multiply-add operation. In parallel with the operations of the second decoder (114) and the second operation unit (117), a first decoder (113) of the instruction decode unit (119) decodes an operation code for 2 data load, and an operand access unit (104) causes two data (e.g., n bits each) stored in an internal data memory (105) to be transferred in parallel in the form of combined 2n-bit data to a first operation unit (116). Then, two predetermined registers of the register file (115) store the respective n-bit data from the first operation unit (116).

A mobile communication station is provided with a type information registration unit (11) for registering type information indicating a type of data, which an application installed in an external device can use, therein. The mobile communication station transmits the type information registered in the type information registration unit (11) to a base station apparatus, receives data, which the application installed in the external device can use, from the base station apparatus, and then transfers the received data to the external device.

A radio communication method and apparatus generate a plurality of information signals and transmit the signals to a communication partner from a plurality of antennas. A plurality of combination of signals to be transmitted are selected. A transmission evaluation value is determined based on the signal noise ratio of each signal. After all combinations are evaluated, a transmission format suitable for sending a combination of signals is determined based on a highest evaluation value.

The present invention relates to a method for transmitting data Di in a telecommunication system SYST including a first transceiver TXi and a second transceiver RX linked together by means of a communication channel Chi, one of which transceivers being mobile, which method includes: a spreading step for spreading said data Di over a plurality of components Ctj (for j=1 to M), and an equalization step during which each component Ctj (for j=1 to M) is multiplied by an equalization value Wi(j)* representative of communication conditions within the communication channel Chi. According to the invention, the equalization values Wi(j)* are also representative of a Doppler effect generated by movement of the mobile transceiver. The invention enables to significantly compensate for alterations caused to the communication channel Chi by movement of the mobile transceiver.

Conventionally, if the number of transmission antennas is greater than that of reception antennas, different signals simultaneously transmitted from the transmission antennas cannot be separated from one another at the receiving end, resulting in a significant degradation of received-signal quality. A transmitter and a receiver each have a plurality of antennas. The transmitter transmits a pilot signal. The receiver receives the pilot signal, calculates transmission-related information corresponding to the pilot signal, selects, based on this calculated information, a transmission signal to be used by the transmitter, and notifies the transmitter of the selected signal. The transmitter selects, from the informed transmission signal, transmission antennas and uses the selected antennas to transmit information signals, so that a signal separation can be easily performed at the receiving end.

The invention concerns a pre-distortion method for a telecommunication system comprising a base station and at least one user. Each symbol of said user is spread with a coding sequence over a plurality of carriers to produce a plurality of corresponding frequency components of a signal (S.sub.i(t)) to be transmitted over an uplink transmission channel to said base station. Each frequency component is weighted by a weighting coefficient (.omega..sub.i(l)), said weighting coefficient being determined from the downlink channel response coefficient (h.sub.i(l)) at the corresponding frequency and from a value of the noise variance (.sigma..sup.2) affecting said carriers.

The invention concerns a pre-distortion method for a telecommunication system comprising a base station and at least one user. Each symbol of said user is spread with a coding sequence over a plurality of carriers to produce a plurality of corresponding frequency components of a signal (S.sub.i(t)) to be transmitted over an uplink transmission channel to said base station. Each of said frequency components is weighted by a weighting coefficient (.omega..sub.i(l)), said weighting coefficients being determined from the channel response coefficients (h.sub.i(l)) of the corresponding downlink transmission channel at the respective frequencies of said carriers and from a value of the noise variance (.sigma..sup.2) affecting said carriers.

The invention concerns a method for estimating a plurality of symbols transmitted by a first plurality of transmit antennas at a given emission time or a plurality of symbols subjected to a space-time dispersion coding prior to transmission by the first plurality of transmit antennas over a second plurality of transmission times, the method using the signals received by a third plurality of receive antennas, each symbol belonging to a modulation constellation. The method includes forming a vector representative of said received signals at a reception time or at a plurality of consecutive reception times; searching the closest neighbour of said vector among candidate vectors belonging to a lattice of points generated by a plurality of generating vectors, wherein the components of said vector are reordered according to an ordering rule prior to a search.

A method of representing an object appearing in a still or video image, by processing signals corresponding to the image, comprises deriving a plurality of sets of co-ordinate values representing the shape of the object and quantizing the co-ordinate values to derive a coded representation of the shape, and further comprises quantizing a first co-ordinate value over a first quantization range and quantizing a smaller co-ordinate value over a smaller range.

The present invention concerns multi-user detection method of symbols transmitted over a downlink of a multi-carrier code division multiple access telecommunication system, the symbols for a user of the system being spread with a signature over a plurality of carriers, the signal received by a user being decomposed into a plurality of frequency components and said frequency components being despread with said signature. Prior to despreading, said frequency components are equalized by multiplying each of said components with a coefficient, said coefficients taking into account an interference level, after despreading, between the symbols for said user and the symbols for the other users of the system.

An equalization method for a downlink channel in an MC-CDMA telecommunication system includes a plurality of links established between a transmitter and a plurality of receivers, each link using a distinct access code amongst N possible codes. The method includes a first step of estimating the relative levels of the signals transmitted by the transmitter using each of the N codes, the first step including an equalization of the MC-CDMA symbols carrier by carrier, and a second step using the levels for estimating the symbols transmitted by the user over at least one link, the second step being adapted to minimize the mean square error between the transmitted symbols and the estimated symbols.

The invention concerns a transmission method for transmitting a plurality of symbols from a base station of a MC-CDMA telecommunication system to a plurality (K) of users, each symbol (d.sub.k) to be transmitted to a user being spread with a coding sequence (c.sub.k(l), c.sub.k.sup.ext(l) over a plurality (L) of carriers (l) to produce a plurality of corresponding frequency component, said base station being provided with a plurality (M) of antenna elements. According to the invention, each frequency component produced by a symbol of a user (k) is weighted by a plurality (M) of weighting complex coefficients (w.sub.k*(l,m),m=1, . . . ,M) to obtain a plurality (LM) of weighted frequency components (z.sub.k.sup.m(l)), each weighting coefficient being relative to a user (k), a carrier (l) and an antenna element (m) and said plurality of weighting coefficients being determined from estimates of the channel coefficients (h.sub.k(l,m)) of the downlink transmission channels between each antenna element and each user for each carrier frequency.

When selecting a specific input source that can be processed by only a second voice-data processing unit instead of an input source currently being processed by a first voice-data processing unit, a voice-data processing circuit selects and delivers an input source selected by a second analog switch to the first voice-data processing unit by using a first analog switch. Then, after the first and second voice-data processing units simultaneously process the identical input source other than the specific input source over a certain time period, the second analog switch selects and delivers the specific input source to the second voice-data processing unit and a first switch selects an output of the second voice-data processing unit and outputs a voice of the specific input source as an analog audio output.

In a mobile communication system, a mobile switching center changes a transmission rate of communication data transmitted from a mobile station and so on to a database or a transmission rate of communication data transmitted from the database to the mobile station and so on, on a basis of a request from the mobile station and so on or the database individually and independently.

A method of representing an object appearing in a still or video image, by processing signals corresponding to the image, comprises deriving a plurality of numerical values associated with features appearing on the outline of an object starting from an arbitrary point on the outline and applying a predetermined ordering to said values to arrive at a representative of the outline.

In a semiconductor device (1), semiconductor elements (2) and (3) are mounted on a lead frame (5) having leads (4). The semiconductor elements (2) and (3) are connected with the leads (4) by metallic wires (6) and (7). The semiconductor device (1) also has a heat sink (8). The members (2) to (8) are sealed with a plastic package (10). The leads (4) are exposed outward. Each of the end leads (4a) to (4d) has a wide first lead portion, a narrow second lead portion, a third lead portion to be inserted into an external substrate, and a protruding gap-controlling portion (9) for keeping the gap between the semiconductor device (1) and the external substrate constant. Because the heat resistance from the leads (4) to the plastic package (10) increases, the temperature-rise property of the lead is improved so that the solderability is improved.

A parallel precoder circuit executes an EXOR operation on an n-row parallel input, and outputs an n-row parallel output, where 2.ltoreq.n. Outputs of EXOR circuits each of which having a largest column number from among EXOR circuits disposed in first to (n-1)th rows become first-row to (n-1)th-row parallel outputs, respectively. A output of an nth-row delay circuit becomes an nth-row parallel output.

In a mobile communication system, a mobile switching center 27 changes a transmission rate of communication data transmitted from a mobile station 16 and so on to a database 11 or a transmission rate of communication data transmitted from the database 11 to the mobile station 16 and so on, on a basis of a request from the mobile station 16 and so on or the database 11, individually and independently.

A parallel precoder circuit executes a differential encoding operation on an n-row parallel input information series, and outputs an n-row parallel output information series, where 2.ltoreq.n. Output sets of differential encoding operation circuits each of which having a largest column number from among differential encoding operation circuits disposed in first row to (n-1)th row become first-row to (n-1)th-row parallel outputs information series, and an output set of an nth-row delay circuit becomes nth-row parallel output information series.

A method of representing an object appearing in a still or video image, by processing signals corresponding to the image, comprises deriving the peak values in CSS space for the object outline and applying a non-linear transformation to said peak values to arrive at a representation of the outline.

A magnetic detection apparatus can be improved in its product yield. The magnetic detection apparatus includes a resin compact having a the magnet arranged in opposition to an object to be detected for generating a magnetic field, an IC chip with a magnetic detection part built therein for detecting a change in the magnetic field in accordance with movement of the object to be detected, and an IC package in which a lead frame having the IC chip installed thereon is sealed with a resin. A method for manufacturing such a magnetic detection apparatus includes a signal adjustment step for adjusting a signal generated from the magnetic detection part in a state in which the magnetic field is applied to the magnetic detection part to correct a deviation of the signal of the magnetic detection part generated in accordance with a relative displacement between the magnetic detection part and the magnet.

A method of representing an object appearing in a still or video image, by processing signals corresponding to the image, comprises deriving a plurality of numerical values associated with features appearing on the outline of an object starting from an arbitrary point on the outline and applying a predetermined ordering to said values to arrive at a representative of the outline.

A method of representing an object appearing in a still or video image, by processing signals corresponding to the image, comprises deriving a plurality of numerical values associated with features appearing on the outline of an object starting from an arbitrary point on the outline and applying a predetermined ordering to said values to arrive at a representative of the outline.

A method of representing an object appearing in a still or video image, by processing signals corresponding to the image, comprises deriving the peak values in CSS space for the object outline and applying a non-linear transformation to said peak values to arrive at a representation of the outline.

A method of representing an object appearing in a still or video image, by processing signals corresponding to the image, comprises deriving a plurality of numerical values associated with features appearing on the outline of an object starting from an arbitrary point on the outline and applying a predetermined ordering to said values to arrive at a representative of the outline.

A method of representing an object appearing in a still or video image, by processing signals corresponding to the image, comprises deriving the peak values in CSS space for the object outline and applying a non-linear transformation to said peak values to arrive at a representation of the outline.

A method of dynamic transmission resource allocation that operates in a wireless network. The wireless network includes a plurality of mobile terminals each managing a given number of different data flows of protocol data units that are classified according to a set of flow types, a radio resource management unit for allocating transmission resources on a per protocol data unit basis, a plurality of schedulers operating according to a specific set of rules, and a selector for sharing the transmission resource among the mobile terminals.

In an MPEG-2 decoder (2), a variable length decoder (2A) carries out syntax analysis of input compression data (1) according to the MPEG-2 standard, and generates coding mode information (3), motion vector information (4) and prediction residual signal (2B). The prediction residual signal (2B) is transformed to a decoded picture (5) through a dequantizer (2C) and the like, and is supplied to an MPEG-4 encoder (10) via a resolution converter (6). In the MPEG-4 encoder (10), a coding parameter deciding section (10B) decides a motion vector according to a prediction error estimation value for evaluating a prediction efficiency when using a motion vector candidate generated by a motion vector mapping section (7), and according to a value for evaluating a motion vector rate when using the motion vector candidate.

A method of representing an object appearing in a still or video image, by processing signals corresponding to the image, comprises deriving the peak values in CSS space for the object outline and applying a non-linear transformation to said peak values to arrive at a representation of the outline.

A method for transmitting data in the form of pulse sequences, including a signal synchronization step carried out by a receiver of dataframes DF, in the course of which at least one time window .DELTA.T(0) is scanned in search of the beginning PSB of a pulse sequence. The time window is then subdivided into a predefined number of sub-windows .DELTA.T(1). The sub-windows are then scanned during further signal detection steps until the beginning PSB of the pulse sequence has been detected within one of the sub-windows which will then be substituted for the previous time window AT(0), until the width of the resulting sub-windows becomes smaller than a predetermined minimum width.

A method of representing an object appearing in a still or video image, by processing signals corresponding to the image, comprises deriving a plurality of numerical values associated with features appearing on the outline of an object starting from an arbitrary point on the outline and applying a predetermined ordering to said values to arrive at a representative of the outline.

A method of representing an object appearing in a still or video image, by processing signals corresponding to the image, comprises deriving a curvature scale space (CSS) representation of the object outline by smoothing the object outline, deriving at least one additional parameter reflecting the shape or mass distribution of a smoothed version of the original curve, and associating the CSS representation and the additional parameter as a shape descriptor of the object.

A method of representing an object appearing in a still or video image, by processing signals corresponding to the image, comprises deriving a curvature scale space (CSS) representation of the object outline by smoothing the object outline, deriving at least one additional parameter reflecting the shape or mass distribution of a smoothed version of the original curve, and associating the CSS representation and the additional parameter as a shape descriptor of the object.

A technique is provided which enables formation of nitride semiconductor layers with excellent flatness and excellent crystallinity on a gallium nitride substrate (GaN substrate), while improving the producibility of the semiconductor device using the GaN substrate. A gallium nitride substrate is prepared which has an upper surface having an off-angle of not less than 0.1.degree. nor more than 1.0.degree. in a <1-100> direction, with respect to a (0001) plane. Then, a plurality of nitride semiconductor layers including an n-type semiconductor layer are stacked on the upper surface of the gallium nitride substrate to form a semiconductor device such as a semiconductor laser.

A method of representing an object appearing in a still or video image, by processing signals corresponding to the image, comprises deriving a curvature scale space (CSS) representation of the object outline by smoothing the object outline, deriving at least one additional parameter reflecting the shape or mass distribution of a smoothed version of the original curve, and associating the CSS representation and the additional parameter as a shape descriptor of the object.

A telecommunication system including a receiver to receive a signal including a sequence of Np pulses, each pulse included in a separate time window, and each pulse enclosed within a time chip whose position within the corresponding time window is defined by a chip number that is included in a known signature; and a detector configured to detect Np pulses in each of the separate time windows by using Np detection windows, a location of the detection windows defined by the known signature, the detection windows being shorter than the separate time windows, and longer than the time chip duration of the time chips, to search an expected pulse sequence.

A method of representing an object appearing in a still or video image, by processing signals corresponding to the image, comprises deriving a curvature scale space (CSS) representation of the object outline by smoothing the object outline, deriving at least one additional parameter reflecting the shape or mass distribution of a smoothed version of the original curve, and associating the CSS representation and the additional parameter as a shape descriptor of the object.

A mobile communication station is provided with a type information registration unit (11) for registering type information indicating a type of data, which an application installed in an external device can use, therein. The mobile communication station transmits the type information registered in the type information registration unit (11) to a base station apparatus, receives data, which the application installed in the external device can use, from the base station apparatus, and then transfers the received data to the external device.

A method for estimating responses in a transmission or telecommunications channel in which a composite signal of complementary sequences such as: is constructed and in which a pair of complementary sequences s(n) and g(n) is transmitted after having multiplexed the pair of complementary sequences in phase.

A semiconductor integrated circuit includes a test pass and a test circuit that are placed on the way of the test pass so that a stage has the same excess value when the stage has different stage labels and different excess values in a scan chain of a stage interval n. A test pattern generation method for the semiconductor integrated circuit is also disclosed.

The invention concerns a method and a device for receiving a signal transmitted by a source with a plurality of antennas, in which a plurality of beam signals are obtained by weighting the signals received by the different antennas. The beam signals are correlated with the replica of a reference signal transmitted by the source and then combined by means of coefficients obtained from correlation results.

A transmission line is monitored while the communication is held in a steady state and moving a tone set if there are no tones securing a predetermined value of an S/N ratio. The tone set is not moving if there are at least two tones securing the S/N ratio. The tone set is moved by the predetermined method if there is one tone securing the S/N ratio and it is judged that communication quality can be maintained by moving the tone set in a same tone group. The tone group moved if it is judged that the communication quality cannot be maintained even by executing movement of the tone set in the same tone group.

The apparatus for frequency deviation estimation comprises two CIR estimating units (0) that receive a signal containing a known sequence therein and a plurality of correlation units that calculate the cross correlation between a known sequence recognized on a receiving side and the known sequence contained in the received signal. Each of the CIR estimating units (0) estimate the CIR according to correlation values obtained at prescribed timings from the correlation units. A frequency deviation calculating unit calculates frequency deviation according to the CIR. Therefore, the CIR can be determined with a lesser amount of calculation, so that the hardware can be simplified and the power consumption can be reduced.

A thrust converter includes reciprocation movement means 1; reciprocation-rotation conversion means 2 for converting reciprocating movement of the reciprocation movement means into rotational movement; rotation-reciprocation conversion means 7 for converting rotational movement of the reciprocation-rotation conversion means; and reaction-force receiving means 11 for supporting reaction force stemming from reciprocation movement of the rotation-reciprocation conversion means. Thrust imparted to the reciprocation movement means can be imparted to a load while being amplified or reduced, through employment of a compact and simple construction.

The invention relates to an on-vehicle electronic controller and intends to lighten the burden on a microprocessor in processing input and output of the controller and miniaturize and standardize the controller. A plurality of ON/OFF data inputted from indirect input interface circuits are transmitted to a RAM memory via a variable filter circuit and a two-way serial communication circuit. A filter constant of the variable filter circuit is set by a constant setting register, and a filter constant stored in the nonvolatile memory is stored in the constant setting register via two-way serial communication circuit.

A controller for a multiplex winding motor. When a multiplex winding motor is driven and controlled by inverters and each winding includes a current control system, the controller compensates interference between the current control systems of windings. Voltage non-interacting arithmetic sections compute a voltage command value supplied to voltage applying sections, which are connected to a set of windings, not only by using an output value of a current control section for controlling current in one winding but also using an output value of a current control section for controlling current in another winding, so that voltage interference between the current control sections is compensated.

In a mobile communication system, a mobile switching center 27 changes a transmission rate of communication data transmitted from a mobile station 16 and so on to a database 11 or a transmission rate of communication data transmitted from the database 11 to the mobile station 16 and so on, on a basis of a request from the mobile station 16 and so on or the database 11, individually and independently.

A control device for an induction motor controlling torque generation of the induction motor with high precision includes a rotation speed detector which detects the rotation speed of the induction motor, a current detector which detects a primary current of the induction motor; an amplifying unit which amplifies deviation between an estimated primary current obtained from a magnetic flux observing device and the primary current obtained from the current detector; a magnetic flux observing device which estimates an estimated secondary magnetic flux and an estimated primary current of the induction motor based upon the rotation speed obtained from the rotation speed detector, the primary voltage of the induction motor and the deviation signal obtained from the amplifying unit, and a control unit which controls a voltage applied to the induction motor based upon the estimated secondary magnetic flux obtained from the magnetic flux observing device. In this arrangement, the amplifying unit amplifies the deviation of the primary current based upon feedback gains consisting of eight respectively independent factors. Thus, it is possible to provide torque control with high precision even at the time of low-speed operation.

There is provided a high performance onboard semiconductor device with low manufacturing costs and low repair costs. The onboard semiconductor device includes a power chip substrate on which a power chip is mounted, a control substrate provided with an electrical part in relation to the power chip, and an outer enclosing case in which the power chip substrate and the control substrate are contained, and is characterized in that the control substrate and the outer enclosing case are removably fixed to each other.

After applying gray scale conversion to image data of three colors, six hue data are obtained, and then first comparison-result data and second-order terms each relating to one of the six hues, and second comparison-result data each relating to one of the six inter-hue areas are obtained. Matrix calculation is performed on the first comparison-result data, the second comparison-result data, and the second-order terms, using coefficients. By varying the coefficients, adjustment can be made to only the target hue or inter-hue area, without affecting other hues and inter-hue areas. Thus, the six hues and six inter-hue areas can be varied independently, and the large-capacity memory is not required. Moreover, by the use of the gray scale conversion, the effects of the non-linear characteristics of the input signals are removed.

The ignition controller includes a crank angle sensor of an internal combustion engine, a cam sensor, and a control unit for controlling the ignition of each cylinder on the basis of a crank angle signal and a cam signal. Upon detecting a change in the engine speed of the internal combustion engine, the control unit has an ignition correcting unit for correcting the ignition energization start timing and the ignition timing in correspondence with that engine speed.

A speed control apparatus of an AC motor a first subtracter 1 for finding toque component voltage saturation amount .DELTA.V.sub.q from torque component voltage component V.sub.q ' output from a torque component current controller 47a and torque component voltage command V.sub.q * output from a torque component voltage limiter 54a, a first integrator 2 for holding the torque component voltage saturation amount .DELTA.V.sub.q, a magnetic flux command corrector 3a for outputting magnetic flux command correction amount .DELTA..phi..sub.2d from the held torque component voltage saturation amount .DELTA.V.sub.q ' and rotation angular speed .omega. to Cartesian two-axis coordinates, and a second subtracter 4 for subtracting the magnetic flux command correction amount .DELTA..phi..sub.2d from magnetic flux command .phi..sub.2d * and outputting magnetic flux correction command .phi..sub.2d *.sub.cmd.

An inter-stage matching circuit 26 comprises a one-stage high pass filter type matching unit 28 and a one-stage low pass filter type matching unit 29 serially connected with each other.

An apparatus for detecting a pretilt angle is comprised of a light source 1, a polarizer 2, a liquid-crystal cell 3, a quarter-wave plate 4, an analyzer 5, a photodetector 6, and a processing device. The processing device receives from the photodetector transmitted light intensities of light that is transmitted through the liquid-crystal cell 3 at a plurality of light incident angles. The processing device calculates Stokes parameters corresponding to the plurality of light incident angles based upon the transmitted light intensity corresponding to the plurality of light incident angles. Furthermore, an apparent retardation corresponding to the plurality of light incident angles is determined based upon the Stokes parameters corresponding to the plurality of light incident angles. The pretilt angle of the liquid-crystal cell 3 is determined based upon the determined apparent retardation corresponding to the plurality of light incident angles.

It is aimed to provide a system for collecting, storing and distributing a photographic subject image which an image reader wants to watch, by intermediating an image photographer who photographs an image of a photographic subject using portable equipment with a digital camera function and the image reader who acquires the photographed image via a data communications network. A photographic subject list registration part 13 registers a photographic subject list where photographic subject specification information input by an input part 11 of photographic subject specification information from a registrant terminal corresponds to a photographic subject identifier. A photographic subject list disclose part 14 discloses the photographic subject list. An input part 15 of a photographic subject image application inputs a photographic subject identifier used for identifying a photographic subject which an applicant wants to be photographed, and a disclose part 17 of photograph application collection list discloses it to a photographer. A photographic subject image registration part 18 registers the photographed image, and a registration image distribution part 32 distributes the registered photographed image.

Responsive to image data of three colors, six hue data are obtained, and then first comparison-result data each relating to one of the six hues, and second comparison-result data each relating to one of the six inter-hue areas are obtained. Matrix calculation is performed on the first comparison-result data, and the second comparison-result data, using coefficients. By varying the coefficients, adjustment can be made to only the target hue or inter-hue area, without affecting other hues and inter-hue areas. Thus, the six hues and six inter-hue areas can be varied independently, and the large-capacity memory is not required. In addition, gray scale conversion is applied to the result of the matrix calculation, so as to compensate for the non-linearity of the output device.

The invention concerns a method of receiving a signal transmitted by a transmitter (k) and arriving at an array of antennae (300) after propagating along a plurality of paths (i), comprising a filtering step (310.sub.k) decomposing each antenna signal into separate signals (x.sub.l,i,k) issuing from the different paths, a combination step (320.sub.k) linearly combining the said separate signals by means of a set of complex coefficients in order to supply a combined signal (z.sub.k), the method being characterised in that an error signal (.epsilon..sub.k) is formed (331.sub.k) between a reference value (q.sub.k) of the transmitted signal and the said combined signal and in that the set of complex coefficients is adapted (330.sub.k) so as to minimise the root mean square of the signal error.

A path detector detects multipath waves on a transmission line based on a plurality of despread signals corresponding to fixed directional beams. An adaptive beam forming section forms an adaptive beam combined signal for each path, using a weight generated by an adaptive algorithm and the despread signals. An adder combines the adaptive beam signal for all paths, and a data judging section judges data included in the combined signal.

A path detector (140) detects a plurality of multi-path waves that have satisfied a predetermined standard from reverse spread signals, a plurality of adders (161) form beams on the basis of a path, a plurality of transfer path estimating sections (170) and complex conjugate calculators (163) calculate a transfer path estimation value, and based upon the result of the estimation, carry out a weighting process in accordance with the signal amplitude and a removing process of the phase variations. Moreover, a plurality of interference amount estimating sections (171) extract the amount of interference, a plurality of normalizing sections (172) normalize the signals that have been subjected to the phase variation removing process based upon the amount of interference, an adder (185) combines all the signals that have been normalized, and a data determining section (190) determines the signal that have been combined.

A method of representing an object appearing in a still or video image, by processing signals corresponding to the image, comprises deriving a plurality of numerical values associated with features appearing on the outline of an object starting from an arbitrary point on the outline and applying a predetermined ordering to said values to arrive at a representation of the outline.

The present invention has: a crank signal vane in which teeth are provided on a circumference at predetermined crank angles, and a first missing tooth portion having one missing tooth and a second missing tooth portion having two missing teeth are established; a crank angle sensor for outputting a pulse shape crank signal pattern corresponding to the teeth; and an electronic control unit for calculating a crank signal period based on the crank signal pattern, computing a missing tooth identification value based on the calculated crank signal period; detecting the number of missing teeth based on the computed missing tooth identification value, detecting a crank angle reference position for cases in which the detected number of missing teeth is one or two, and identifying a cylinder group.

A motor abnormality detection apparatus is capable of performing the abnormality detection of a motor (5) without supplying a special electric current thereto for abnormality detection in an ordinary control state. A motor control device (100) controls the motor (5) through vector control which is described by a two-phase rotating magnetic flux coordinate system having the direction of a field current as a d-axis direction and a direction orthogonal to the d-axis direction as a q-axis direction. A motor abnormality detection part (100h) (100h) performs an abnormality determination of the motor based on target impression voltages (Vd*, Vq*) impressed on the motor (5).

Responsive to image data of three colors, six hue data are obtained, and then first comparison-result data each relating to one of the six hues, and second comparison-result data each relating to one of the six inter-hue areas are obtained. Matrix calculation is performed on the first comparison-result data, and the second comparison-result data, using coefficients. By varying the coefficients, adjustment can be made to only the target hue or inter-hue area, without affecting other hues and inter-hue areas. Thus, the six hues and six inter-hue areas can be varied independently, and the large-capacity memory is not required. The coefficients used for the matrix calculation are stored in a storage, which can be set and altered by the use of a setting unit.

Two shafts whose moving directions do not intersect orthogonally with each other are set, then any one shaft of two shafts as an oblique reference shaft is set, then information based on an angle between two shafts whose moving directions do not intersect orthogonally with each other are set, then a first program orthogonal coordinate system constructed such that a moving direction of the oblique reference shaft coincides with a command axis direction of the program orthogonal coordinate system and a second program orthogonal coordinate system constructed such that a moving direction of another shaft other than the oblique reference shaft coincides with a command axis direction of the program orthogonal coordinate system are set, and then any one of the first program orthogonal coordinate system and the second program orthogonal coordinate system is selected. Accordingly, the optimum tool can be selected to meet to the process pattern and the process can be executed by the optimum shaft feed, and thus the processing precision can be improved.

An analog unit system according to this invention comprises a first analog unit having first storage means for storing a first factory setting value and a first user setting value, second storage means for reading the first factory setting value and the first user setting value out of the first storage means and storing the setting values, operation means for calculating a second user setting value based on the first factory setting value and the first user setting value read out of the second storage means, and a second analog unit having third storage means for storing the second user setting value calculated by this operation means and thereby, adjustment and calibration of the user setting value can automatically be performed by simple manipulation with respect to the analog unit in which the user setting value is not set.

Responsive to image data of three colors, six hue data are obtained, and then first comparison-result data each relating to one of the six hues, and second comparison-result data each relating to one of the six inter-hue areas are obtained. Matrix calculation is performed on the first comparison-result data, and the second comparison-result data, using coefficients. By varying the coefficients, adjustment can be made to only the target hue or inter-hue area, without affecting other hues and inter-hue areas. Thus, the six hues and six inter-hue areas can be varied independently, and the large-capacity memory is not required. The coefficients used for the matrix calculation are stored in a storage, which can be set and altered by the use of a setting unit.

A method of representing an object appearing in a still or video image, by processing signals corresponding to the image, comprises deriving the peak values in CSS space for the object outline and applying a non-linear transformation to said peak values to arrive at a representation of the outline.

A control circuit calculates, through PI control, the amplitude of a current command per half cycle of an input voltage at a point in time where the sign of the input voltage from the AC power supply 20 detected by an input voltage detector 31 changes based on the difference between a reference voltage command and the voltage of a capacitor detected by a DC voltage detector 30, calculates a normalized current command by dividing the amplitude of the current command by the peak value of the last input voltage and multiplying the resulting value by the input voltage, and generates a switching signal for performing on/off control of a switching element 38 by comparing the current command thus calculated with the input current detected by the input current detector circuit 32.

Method of obtaining a transmission gain function by means of an array of antennae, a signal to be transmitted by the array being weighted by a vector (b.sub.d) of N complex coefficients, referred to as the transmission weighting vector, N being the number of antennae in the array, the array transmitting to a telecommunication terminal over a transmission channel, referred to as the downlink channel, a downlink transmission signal (S.sub.d) and the said terminal transmitting to the said array over a transmission channel, referred to as the uplink channel, an uplink transmission signal (S.sub.u), the said downlink channel being disturbed by an isotropic noise (N') and/or a directional noise, referred to as the downlink interference (I.sub.d), the said transmission weighting vector (b.sub.d) being determined by means of a matrix product from a noise power matrix (D.sub.d) which is a function of the power of the said isotropic noise and/or of the power of the said directional noise and a vector (C.sub.d), referred to as the downlink channel vector, representing an angular sampling of the transfer function of the downlink channel in M directions k, k=0, . . . , M-1, belonging to the angular range covered by the array.

A frequency offset correction value estimation section (21) receives a signal including a predetermined fixed pattern from a transmission side, thereafter, selects a combination of fixed patterns used in a process of estimating a frequency offset is selected depending on the state of a channel, and an estimation result of the frequency offset calculated by the combination of the fixed patterns is output as a correction value of a determined frequency offset. A frequency offset correction section (22) receives the received signal obtained after the correction is performed for correcting a frequency offset of the received signal on the basis of the correction value, and an equalizer (23) demodulates the received signal by using a predetermined algorithm.

The demodulator of the invention includes a DSP. The DSP determines the distortion amount of the transmission channel based on known signals included in a radio receiving signal, and estimates the frequency of the direct wave based on the distortion amount. Furthermore, the DSP rotates the phase of the distortion amount based on the phase amount corresponding to the estimated frequency of the direct wave. Next, the DSP estimates the center frequency of the Doppler spread based on the distortion amount after the phase is rotated. Furthermore, the DSP synthesizes the phase amount corresponding to the estimated center frequency of the Doppler spread and the phase amount corresponding to the frequency of the direct wave to estimate the last frequency offset. Thereafter, the DSP eliminates frequency offset of the radio receiving signal based on the estimated frequency offset. Thereby, a sufficient frequency offset compensating range can be secured, and excellent BER characteristics can be realized.

Responsive to image data of three colors, six hue data are obtained, and then first comparison-result data and second-order terms each relating to one of the six hues, and second comparison-result data each relating to one of the six inter-hue areas are obtained. Matrix calculation is performed on the first comparison-result data, the second comparison-result data, and the second-order terms, using coefficients. By varying the coefficients, adjustment can be made to only the target hue or inter-hue area, without affecting other hues and inter-hue areas. Thus, the six hues and six inter-hue areas can be varied independently, and the large-capacity memory is not required. In addition, gray scale conversion is applied to the result of the matrix calculation, so as to compensate for the non-linearity of the output device.

In a sequence estimation method and a sequence estimator of the present invention, a metric is calculated using a received signal and its estimated value, also another metric is calculated using a filtering result via a matching filter, one of these metrics is selected based on a characteristic of the channel or these metrics are combined, when a transmitted signal sequence transmitted from a transmission side is estimated based on a characteristic of a received signal and a channel using a list output Viterbi algorithm for deciding one or a plurality of survivors for each state of the Viterbi algorithm including one or more states. The operation speed and the characteristic of a channel can be improved using the smallest circuit scale even if the characteristic of a channel has a long delay time, in a sequence estimation method and a sequence estimator.

A speech coding apparatus includes a frequency parameter generating unit that generates LSP coefficients of an input signal. When the input signal is a non-speech signal, it generates the LSP coefficients of the non-speech signal in such a manner that they approach the LSP coefficients of the speech signal. Thus, even when the input signal is the non-speech signal, its LSP coefficients are quantized by referring to the LSP quantization codebook which is specifically prepared for the speech signal. Although a conventional speech coding apparatus has a problem in that even when it transmits the non-speech signal in a good condition, a conventional speech decoding apparatus cannot always decode the non-speech signal correctly, the present speech coding apparatus can solve the problem even when the receiving side uses the conventional speech decoding apparatus.

The present invention aims to provide an image enhancement device of a thermal printer which can obtain a corrected image with high quality even if quantity of thermal storage to obtain recording density necessary for target gradation data is excessive or insufficient due to thermal history. The image enhancement device of the thermal printer according to the present invention includes: a thermal storage quantity computing unit for computing quantity of thermal storage which affects a heater element of a thermal head using past record; a thermal storage quantity memory unit for storing the quantity of thermal storage computed; a threshold value table having a threshold value which is determined based on input data; a thermal storage quantity discriminating unit for comparing the quantity of thermal storage with the threshold value of the threshold value table; and a correction quantity computing unit for computing correction quantity from the quantity of thermal storage according to comparison result, for obtaining subtraction correction data by subtracting the correction quantity from the input data when the quantity of thermal storage is greater than the threshold value, and for obtaining addition correction data by adding the correction quantity to the input data when the quantity of thermal storage is equal to or less than the threshold value.

A channel estimation sequence including two concatenated sequences (S and G) respectively including two complementary sequences (s and g), which are extended periodically by extensions (e.sub.f.sup.s, e.sub.s.sup.d and e.sub.g.sup.f, e.sub.g.sup.d) which constitute copies of their starting part and/or ending part and which are respectively concatenated at the end and/or start of the sequence. Also, a channel estimation method including transmitting the channel estimation sequence and receiving and correlating the received signal with the first complementary sequence (s), correlating the received signal with the second complementary sequence (g), adding the results of the two correlations.

An equalization method and apparatus for a downlink channel in a telecommunication system transmitting MC-CDMA symbols on a plurality of carrier frequencies, in which a plurality of links are established between a transmitter and a plurality of receivers in order to transmit a plurality of coded signals, each link using a distinct access code amongst N possible codes, there being P links for P users where P is less than N. The equalization including the formation and use of a matrix of reduced size based upon the number of links being P by eliminating matrix elements relating to the unused codes and effecting an estimation of the said transmitted symbols according to a mean square error minimization criterion.

The objective of the present invention is to have a desired screen displayed with shortened waiting time in using functions for the electronic note, etc., while engaging in telephone talk. Another prime objective of the present invention is to achieve an easy-to-use mobile information terminal equipment which also functions as an electronic note, word processor, personal computer, and so on. In transitting from telephone mode (cover closed status) to information terminal mode (cover opened status), the screen to be displayed is determined to be either a historical information, talk log information, or user setting screen. This enables the user to obtain the desired screen with fewer number of operations and with less waiting time.

A band pass filter includes a first band pass filter constructed of a biquad circuit and having a first center frequency, and a second bandpass filter constructed of a biquad circuit and having a second center frequency different from the first center frequency, and the first band pass filter and the second band pass filter are series connected, in which the first band pass filter and the second band pass filter have center frequency adjusting variable resistors varied at the same time, and a fixed resistor is connected in parallel to the center frequency adjusting variable resistor of one of the first band pass filter and the second band pass filter. As a result, the center frequency and/or the maximum gain can be made variable while the band width is fixed.

A closing phase that produces the smallest energization flux error at a connection input point is calculated based upon a residual flux of the first closing phase and the preliminarily given pre-arc characteristic and closing time deviation characteristic of a three-phase circuit breaker, so that the calculated phase value is set as a target closing phase of the first closing phase. A closing phase that produces the smallest energization flux error when a residual flux of zero is calculated, so that the calculated phase value is set as a target closing phase of the remaining two phases. The total time required from the reference point to the target closing phases of the remaining two phases and a delay time corresponding to an integer multiple of a given cycle of the three-phase power supply is set as a target closing time of the remaining two phases.

Method of detecting a plurality of symbols (d.sub.k(i)) transmitted by or for a plurality K of users, each symbol belonging to a modulation constellation and being the subject of a spectral spreading before being modulated on a plurality L of carriers, the method comprising a step of demodulation (420) and a step of spectral despreading (430) of the received signal (r(i)) in order to supply a vector (y.sub.2(i), {tilde over (y)}.sub.2(i)) characteristic of the signal, and a step (450) of searching, within an array of points (.LAMBDA..sub.2,.OMEGA..sub.2) generated by the symbols of the modulation constellations, for at least the closest neighbour of the vector.

A method of representing an object appearing in a still or video image, by processing signals corresponding to the image, comprises deriving a plurality of numerical values associated with features appearing on the outline of an object starting from an arbitrary point on the outline and applying a predetermined ordering to said values to arrive at a representation of the outline.

The present invention aims at providing a portable radio communication apparatus in which forming of a message is easy. The portable radio communication apparatus is provided with a novel pre-message memory formed of a ROM or the like stored in which are fixed messages each consisting of fixed statements or fixed words as "CALL OFFICE AT XX:XX". A transmitting message may be readily formed by selecting any of the fixed messages.

A keyword extracting device which extracts keywords collectively and efficiently while improving descriptive property and reusability of the information for keyword extracting. A text data input inputs a text. A pattern processor carries out matching and replacement of a character string based on a pattern in regular expression or its equivalent. A pattern storage stores at least a keyword component pattern representing a character string capable of being a component of a keyword. A keyword component extractor extracts, as keyword components, all character strings which are matched with a keyword component pattern and are not overlapped with each other by using the pattern processor for a text. A keyword candidate set generator generates a keyword candidate set from each keyword. And, a keyword output outputs each keyword candidate of a keyword candidate set as a keyword.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention provide an equalization method for a downlink channel in a telecommunication system transmitting MC-CDMA symbols on a plurality of carrier frequencies, in which a plurality of links are established between a transmitter and a plurality of receivers in order to transmit a plurality of coded signals, each link using a distinct access code amongst N possible codes, the conjugate product of two possible codes being proportional to a possible code or to its conjugate, the method including, for at least one receiver, a step of calculating a matrix (B, B) characteristic of the plurality of links, the calculation step first of all calculating the elements of a row or a column in the characteristic matrix and deducing the other rows or the other columns by means of a permutation of the elements.

The present invention aims to increase an encoding efficiency when the occurrence probability of LPS (less probable symbol) is low. An encoding apparatus has a interval size (A), a interval limit value (C), divides a set interval which is set on a number line, selects a sub-interval corresponding to an occurring symbol, updates the interval size (A) and the interval limit value (C) with a limited precision based on the selected sub-interval size, and encodes a coordinate within the interval. Based on the probability (the occurrence probability of symbol) output from a learning memory, the sub-interval size (LSZ, dLSZ) and the sub-interval limit value are obtained. A correction value calculator computes the correction value based on the dLSZ, reflects the computed correction value (dA, dC) to the renormalized subinterval size (rA) and the renormalized sub-interval limit value (rC), updates the interval size (A7) to the sub-interval size, updates the interval limit value (C8) to the sub-interval limit value, and outputs a code.

The present invention aims at providing a portable radio communication apparatus in which forming of a message is easy. The portable radio communication apparatus is provided with a novel pre-message memory formed of a ROM or the like stored in which are fixed messages each consisting of fixed statements or fixed words as "CALL OFFICE AT XX:XX". A transmitting message may be readily formed by selecting any of the fixed messages.

A method is provided for detecting a plurality of symbols (d.sub.k(i)) transmitted by or for a plurality K of users, each symbol belonging to a modulation constellation. Filtering of a received signal is performed for supplying a vector (z) each component of which being related to a user. The closest neighbor of the vector is searched among candidates belonging to a lattice of points generated by the modulation constellations. The search is limited to a volume centered around the vector and is carried out by sequentially selecting a coordinate (b.sub.k) of a candidate for each dimension of the vector. The components of the vector are recorded according to an ordering rule prior to the search, the ordering rule being chosen so as to eliminate a higher rate of candidates for a first dimension than for a subsequent dimension to be searched.

In a mobile communication system, a mobile switching center 27 changes a transmission rate of communication data transmitted from a mobile station 16 and so on to a database 11 or a transmission rate of communication data transmitted from the database 11 to the mobile station 16 and so on, on a basis of a request from the mobile station 16 and so on or the database 11, individually and independently.

A method of representing an object appearing in a still or video image, by processing signals corresponding to the image, comprises deriving a plurality of sets of co-ordinate values representing the shape of the object and quantising the co-ordinate values to derive a coded representation of the shape, and further comprises quantising a first co-ordinate value over a first quantisation range and quantising a smaller co-ordinate value over a smaller range.

A channel estimation sequence (S.sup.E) embedded in a carrier wave and configured to be transmitted by a transmitter (1) to a receiver (2) via a channel (3) to implement a channel estimation method, the channel estimation sequence consisting of two concatenated sequences (S and G) respectively consisting of two complementary sequences (s and g). The channel estimation method includes, on the transmitter side, transmitting the channel estimation sequence and, on the receiver side, a correlation process consisting of correlating the received signal with the first (s) of the said complementary sequences, correlating the received signal with the second (g), delayed complementary sequences, adding the results of the two correlations, and deducing the characteristics of the channel (3) from the result of the correlation process. The two complementary sequences (s and g) are extended periodically by extensions (e.sub.s.sup.f, e.sub.s.sup.d and e.sub.g.sup.f, e.sub.g.sup.d) which constitute replicas of their starting part and/or ending part and which are respectively concatenated at the end and/or start of the sequence.

A method of representing an object appearing in a still or video image, by processing signals corresponding to the image, comprises deriving the peak values in CSS space for the object outline and applying a non-linear transformation to said peak values to arrive at a representation of the outline.

In the case where an input signal is an interlace signal such as NTSC signal, a flicker interference as aliasing interference brought about by the sampling theorem is contained in a region where a vertical frequency component is high. Accordingly, in the conventional processing in which rate of change in gradation is improved by making a drive voltage of liquid crystal at the time of change in gradation larger than normal liquid crystal drive voltage to increase response rate of the liquid crystal panel, interference component is also emphasized. As a result, quality level of a video picture to be displayed on the liquid crystal panel is deteriorated. The invention provides a compensation device capable of improving rate-of-change in gradation at a part where there is no flicker interference and changing rate-of-change in gradation to suppress the flicker at a part where there is any flicker interference.

Emergency shut-down circuit is provided for a multiplexed circuit. The emergency shut-down circuit includes a plurality of contacts arrayed in parallel to each other and which are synchronously opened and closed. A plurality of electromagnetic contactors are operated according to a open or closed state of each of the plurality of emergency shut-down switches and are connected in series to a main circuit power circuit for a motor.