Search All US Patents

A computer system transliterates a text string from a first language to a second language using transliterator objects, each having a set of transliteration rules arranged in a preferred order. Each of the transliteration rules, in turn, has a test string and a replacement string and the transliterator object includes a method for comparing the test string in each of the transliteration rules to each of the characters in the text string to determine a subset of transliteration rules which exhibit a match. Using the preferred order, one of the subset of transliteration rules is selected and the replacement string of the selected transliteration rule is substituted for the test string in the text string.

The present disclosure is directed to novel crystalline germanosilicate compositions and methods of producing the same. In particular, the crystalline germanosilicate compositions are extra-large-pore compositions, designated CIT-13 possessing 10- and 14-membered rings. The disclosure describes methods of preparing these compositions using substituted benzyl-imidazolium organic structure-directing agents (OSDAs). Also disclosed are methods of using these crystalline compositions.

This disclosure relates to new crystalline microporous solids (including silicate- and aluminosilicate-based solids), the compositions comprising 8 and 10 membered inorganic rings, particularly those having RTH topologies having a range of Si:Al ratios, methods of preparing these and known crystalline microporous solids using certain quaternized imidazolium cation structuring agents.

The present disclosure is directed to processing for preparing crystalline pure-silica and heteroatom-substituted LTA frameworks in fluoride media using a simple organic structure-directing agent (OSDA), having a structure of Formula (I): ##STR00001## where substituents R.sup.1 to R.sup.9 are defined herein. Aluminosilicate LTA is an active catalyst for the methanol to olefins reaction with higher product selectivities to butenes as well as C5 and C6 products than the commercialized catalysts. Titanosilicate LTA is an active catalyst for the epoxidation of allyl alcohol using aqueous H.sub.2O.sub.2.

The present disclosure is directed to the use of novel crystalline germanosilicate compositions in affecting a range of organic transformations. In particular, the crystalline germanosilicate compositions are extra-large-pore compositions, designated CIT-13 possessing 10- and 14-membered rings.

The present disclosure is directed to novel crystalline germanosilicate compositions and methods of producing the same. In particular, the crystalline germanosilicate compositions are extra-large-pore compositions, designated CIT-13 possessing 10- and 14-membered rings. The disclosure describes methods of preparing these compositions using substituted benzyl-imidazolium organic structure-directing agents (OSDAs). Also disclosed are methods of using these crystalline compositions.

The present disclosure is directed to novel germanosilicate compositions and methods of producing the same. In particular, this disclosure describes an array of transformations originating from the extra-large-pore crystalline germanosilicate compositions, designated CIT-13, possessing 10- and 14-membered rings. Included among the new materials are the new phyllosilicate compositions, designated CIT-13P, new crystalline microporous germanosilicates including high silica versions of CIT-5 and CIT-13, with and without added metal oxides, and new germanosilicate compounds designated CIT-14 and CIT-15. The disclosure also describes methods of preparing these new germanosilicate compositions as well as the compositions themselves.

A composition and method for preparing molecular sieves having a STW framework structure are described wherein a structure directing agent comprising quaternary cation 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium is contacted with a source of an oxide of a first tetravalent element with or without a source of an oxide of another tetravalent elements and/or a source of a trivalent element in a molar ratio of tetravalent element:trivalent element 100:1 and greater.

This disclosure relates to new crystalline microporous solids (including silicate- and aluminosilicate-based solids), the compositions comprising 8 and 10 membered inorganic rings, particularly those having IWV topologies having a range of Si:Al ratios, methods of preparing these and known crystalline microporous solids using certain quaternized imidazolium cation templates.

The present disclosure is directed to processing for preparing crystalline pure-silica and heteroatom-substituted LTA frameworks in fluoride media using a simple organic structure-directing agent (OSDA), having a structure of Formula (I): ##STR00001## where substituents R.sup.1 to R.sup.9 are defined herein. Aluminosilicate LTA is an active catalyst for the methanol to olefins reaction with higher product selectivities to butenes as well as C5 and C6 products than the commercialized catalysts. Titanosilicate LTA is an active catalyst for the epoxidation of allyl alcohol using aqueous H.sub.2O.sub.2.

This disclosure relates to new crystalline microporous solids (including silicate- and aluminosilicate-based solids), the compositions comprising 8 and 10 membered inorganic rings, particularly those having HEU topologies having a range of Si:Al ratios, methods of preparing these and known crystalline microporous solids using certain quaternized imidazolium cation structuring agents.

This disclosure relates to new crystalline microporous solids (including silicate- and aluminosilicate-based solids), the compositions comprising 8 and 10 membered inorganic rings, particularly those having CIT-7 topologies having a range of Si:Al ratios, methods of preparing these and known crystalline microporous solids using certain quaternized imidazolium cation structuring agents.

The present disclosure is directed to producing zeolite structures with GME topologies using organic structure directing agents (OSDAs) comprising a piperidinium cation, and the compositions and structures resulting from these methods. In some embodiments, the crystalline products have a molar ratio of a molar ratio of Si:Al that is greater than 3.5.

This disclosure relates to new crystalline microporous solids (including silicate- and aluminosilicate-based solids), the compositions comprising 8 and 10 membered inorganic rings, particularly those having RTH topologies having a range of Si:Al ratios, methods of preparing these and known crystalline microporous solids using certain quaternized imidazolium cation structuring agents.

Method for preparing molecular sieves and molecular sieves obtained thereby are described. The method includes preparing a reaction mixture, comprising a structure directing agent, at least one source of at least one oxide of a tetravalent element, optionally, one or more sources of one or more oxides selected from the group consisting of oxides of trivalent elements, pentavalent elements, and mixtures thereof, optionally, at least one source of an element selected from Groups 1 and 2 of the Periodic Table; and optionally, hydroxide ions or fluoride ions, and maintaining the reaction mixture under conditions sufficient to form crystals of the molecular sieve. In the method, various imidazolium cations are used as the structure directing element.

Disclosed are processes for isomerizing saccharides. Also disclosed are processes for converting saccharides to furan derivatives. Also disclosed are processes for converting starch to furan derivatives.

A method is provided for promoting blood clotting. The area which is bleeding is contacted with an aluminophosphate molecular sieve. The molecular sieve preferably contains a substance which assists the clotting of blood. This substance is preferably Ca.sup.2+ ions, which are readily introduced into aluminophosphate molecular sieves. Preferred aluminophosphate molecular sieves include AlPO.sub.4-5 and VPI-5.

The present invention is directed to methods for preparing sorbose from glucose, said method comprising: (a) contacting the glucose with a silica-containing structure comprising a zeolite having a topology of a 12 membered-ring or larger, an ordered mesoporous silica material, or an amorphous silica, said structure containing Lewis acidic Ti.sup.4+ or Zr.sup.4+ or both Ti.sup.4+ and Zr.sup.4+ framework centers, said contacting conducted under reaction conditions sufficient to isomerize the glucose to sorbose. The sorbose may be (b) separated or isolated; or (c) converted to ascorbic acid.

Method for preparing molecular sieves and molecular sieves obtained thereby are described. The method includes preparing a reaction mixture, comprising a structure directing agent, at least one source of at least one oxide of a tetravalent element, optionally, one or more sources of one or more oxides selected from the group consisting of oxides of trivalent elements, pentavalent elements, and mixtures thereof, optionally, at least one source of an element selected from Groups 1 and 2 of the Periodic Table; and optionally, hydroxide ions or fluoride ions, and maintaining the reaction mixture under conditions sufficient to form crystals of the molecular sieve. In the method, various imidazolium cations are used as the structure directing element.

Method for preparing molecular sieves and molecular sieves obtained thereby are described. The method includes preparing a reaction mixture, comprising a structure directing agent, at least one source of at least one oxide of a tetravalent element, optionally, one or more sources of one or more oxides selected from the group consisting of oxides of trivalent elements, pentavalent elements, and mixtures thereof, optionally, at least one source of an element selected from Groups 1 and 2 of the Periodic Table; and optionally, hydroxide ions or fluoride ions, and maintaining the reaction mixture under conditions sufficient to form crystals of the molecular sieve. In the method, various imidazolium cations are used as the structure directing element.

Linear cyclodextrin copolymers and linear oxidized cyclodextrin copolymers containing an unoxidized and/or an oxidized cyclodextrin moiety integrated into the polymer backbone are described. Methods of preparing such copolymers are also described. The linear cyclodextrin copolymer and linear oxidized cyclodextrin copolymer of the invention may be used as a delivery vehicle of various therapeutic agents.

Linear cyclodextrin copolymers and linear oxidized cyclodextrin copolymers containing an unoxidized and/or an oxidized cyclodextrin moiety integrated into the polymer backbone are described. Methods of preparing such copolymers are also described. The linear cyclodextrin copolymer and linear oxidized cyclodextrin copolymer of the invention may be used as a delivery vehicle of various therapeutic agents.

Supported phase catalysts in which the support phase, is non-aqueous and highly polar, such as a primary alcohol, and most preferably ethylene glycol, are. disclosed. An organometallic compound, preferably a metal complex of chiral sulfonated 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl is dissolved in the ethylene glycol. Such supported phase catalysts are useful for asymmetric synthesis of optically active compounds, such as the preparation of dehydronaproxen.

The present invention relates to water soluble chiral sulfonated 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl and its use as organometallic catalysts for asymmetric synthesis of optically active compounds. Asymmetric reactions of the present invention include those reactions in which organometallic catalysts are commonly used. Such reactions include, but are not limited to, reduction and isomerization reactions on unsaturated substrates and carbon--carbon bond forming reactions. Examples of such reactions include, but are not limited to, hydrogenation, hydroboration, hydrosilylation, hydride reduction, hydroformylation, alkylation, allylic alkylation, arylation, alkenylation, epoxidation, hydrocyanation, disilylation, cyclization and isomerization reactions. The catalysts of the present invention provide the advantage of functioning in the presence of water without loss in enantioselectivity relative to the nonsulfonated BINAP catalyst in an organic solvent. As a result, the catalysts of the present invention may be employed in water, water miscible solvents, in aqueous-organic two phase solvent systems and in supported aqueous phase catalysts in organic solvents without loss in enantioselectivity. Further, the catalysts of the present invention may also be effectively employed in highly polar solvents such as primary alcohols and ethylene glycol. The present invention also relates to a method for conducting asymmetric reactions on prochiral unsaturated bonds contained within a compound using the water soluble chiral sulfonated 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl organometallic catalysts of the present invention.

The present invention relates to water soluble chiral sulfonated 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl and its use as organometallic catalysts for asymmetric synthesis of optically active compounds. Asymmetric reactions of the present invention include those reactions in which organometallic catalysts are commonly used. Such reactions include, but are not limited to, reduction and isomerization reactions on unsaturated substrates and carbon--carbon bond forming reactions. Examples of such reactions include, but are not limited to, hydrogenation, hydroboration, hydrosilylation, hydride reduction, hydroformylation, alkylation, allylic alkylation, arylation, alkenylation, epoxidation, hydrocyanation, disilylation, cyclization and isomerization reactions. The catalysts of the present invention provide the advantage of functioning in the presence of water without loss in enantioselectivity relative to the nonsulfonated BINAP catalyst in an organic solvent. As a result, the catalysts of the present invention may be employed in water, water miscible solvents, in aqueous--organic two phase solvent systems and in supported aqueous phase catalysts in organic solvents without loss in enantioselectivity. Further, the catalysts of the present invention may also be effectively employed in highly polar solvents such as primary alcohols and ethylene glycol. The present invention also relates to a method for conducting asymmetric reactions on prochiral unsaturated bonds contained within a compound using the water soluble chiral sulfonated 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl organometallic catalysts of the present invention.

New synthetic zeolites incorporating alkaline earth elements and routes for preparing those zeolites by hydrothermal alteration of zeolite P1 are disclosed. New methods for producing P1 zeolites are also identified. Synthetic heulandite, brewsterite, epistilbite and harmotome, among other zeolites can be prepared.

A method and system for formatting numerical information. An object-based operating system provides various number formatting services. Some objects scan text and convert the text to numerical information, and convert non-text numerical information to text, and convert between different numerical formats and languages. The system provides a common ground from which application programs can speak a seemingly common numerical language without specifying the details of converting numerical information between systems of representation. The present system relieves application developers of the burden of handling details of numerical information, and provides ease of information transfer between monetary systems and cultures having differing languages. The system also provides for conversion between number formats to allow for easier processing and/or comprehension of the numerical information, and normalization and alignment of any textual representation of numeric information.

A computer implemented system and method utilizing rules instantiated in objects of an object-oriented operating system to transliterate text as it is input into a computer is disclosed. A number of transliterator objects are created in the storage of the computer, each one of the transliterator objects include transliteration rules arranged in the storage in a preferred order. Each of the transliteration rules contain a first language character string, a second language character string, and logic for comparing the first language character string in each of the transliteration rules to a text string that is entered into a computer to determine a subset of transliteration rules which match the entered text string. The entered text is displayed on a computer display as it is input into a computer and a particular one of the plurality of transliterator objects' logic is utilized in response to the preferred order for selecting one of the subset of transliteration rules and applying it to the first text string to display the second language character string of the selected transliteration rule on the display.

A method and system for providing a language-sensitive text compare. An innovative system and method for performing the compare is presented that performs text comparison of any Unicode strings. For any language an ordering is defined based on features of the language. Then, an interactive compare function is performed to determine the relationship of a pair of strings. The string is examined and a compare is performed one character at a time based on a predefined character precedence.

A method and system for providing a language-sensitive text search that performs text comparison of any Unicode strings. For any language an ordering is defined based on features of the language. Then, an interactive compare function is performed to determine the relationship of a pair of strings. The string is examined and a compare is performed one or more characters at a time based on a predefined character precedence.

Supported phase catalysts in which the support phase is highly polar, most preferably ethylene glycol or glycerol, are disclosed. An organometallic compound, preferably a metal complex of chiral sulfonated 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl (BINAP) is dissolved in the support phase. Such supported phase catalysts are useful for asymmetric synthesis of optically active compounds, including the asymmetric hydrogenation of prochiral unsaturated carbon-hetero atom bonds, such as ketones, imines and beta-keto esters. The phenyl groups of the BINAP ligand are at least meno-sulfonated and the ligand overall is terra- to hexa-sulfonated. Ruthemium is the perferred metal.

The present invention relates to new crystalline zeolite CIT-5 prepared using a N(16) methylsparteinium cation templating agent.

The present invention relates to new crystalline zeolite CIT-5 prepared using a N(16) methylsparteinium cation templating agent.

The present disclosure is directed to producing zeolite structures with GME topologies using organic structure directing agents (OSDAs) comprising a piperidinium cation, and the compositions and structures resulting from these methods. In some embodiments, the crystalline products have a molar ratio of a molar ratio of Si:Al that is greater than 3.5.

Crystalline aluminophosphate compositions having pore windows formed by 18 tetrahedral members are prepared from a forming mixture containing sources of aluminum, phosphorus and optionally, silicon. The forming mixture further contains a directing agent comprising a mixture of quaternary nitrogen compound and amine in a molar ratio of 0.01 to 0.025. The resulting product exhibits greater stability than compositions made from amine directing agent.

Crystalline metalloaluminophosphate compositions having pore windows formed by 18 tetrahedral members are prepared from a forming mixture containing sources of aluminum, phosphorus and a non-aluminum, non-phosphorus element, e.g. boron or boron and silicon. The forming mixture further contains a directing agent comprising a mixture of quaternary nitrogen compound and amine in a molar ratio of 0.01 to 0.025.