A non-aqueous liquid concentrate includes starch, an acrylic acid homopolymer salt, vegetable oil, and clay. The non-aqueous liquid concentrate forms an aqueous dispersion when added to water and is capable of clinging to a surface.

A fire suppression method and system in an aircraft involves a pressurized first-stage agent, and a pressurized second-stage agent. The first-stage agent or the second-stage agent includes trifluoromethyl iodide (CF.sub.3I). A plurality of outlets discharge the first-stage agent during a first duration and the second-stage agent during a second duration. An opening of each of the plurality of outlets is located in a lower quarter of a height of a cargo compartment.

Antifreezes are provided for deployment in wet sprinkler systems located in cold environments. The antifreezes allow for the wet sprinkler system to be actuated under temperatures below 32° F. Wet sprinklers, sprinkler systems, methods of providing for the control, suppression and/or extinguishment of a fire that occur in a cold environment, and methods of preventing wet sprinklers from freezing also are provided. The sprinklers, sprinkler systems and methods can be used in residential, commercial and storage settings.

A fire extinguishing composition is described. The fire extinguishing composition comprises water in an amount of ≤75.0% by weight; a fire extinguishing salt in an amount of ≥15.0% by weight; and a film forming agent. Uses of the fire extinguishing composition and a fire extinguisher comprising the fire extinguishing composition are also described.

A process of producing an extinguishing agent includes dissolving 5 g to 90 g of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1 g to 60 g of urea, 1 g to 90 g of ammonium carbonate, 5 g to 90 of ammonium sulfate, and 20 g to 250 g of potassium carbonate in 400 ml to 550 ml of water at a temperature of 30° C. to 90° C. to form a first solution; mixing the first solution with 5 g to 500 g of surfactant to undergo a first reaction for forming a second solution; and mixing the second solution with 1000 ml of water to undergo a second reaction for forming an extinguishing agent.

An aqueous fire sprinkler fluid containing a C.sub.4 or greater carboxylate salt for freezing point depression is described. The salts may be used in conjunction with glycols. The salts decrease the combustibility and give lower viscosity than higher glycol fluids, both benefitting fire sprinkler systems. These salt solutions are friendly to metal and CPVC pipes and are thus useful for fire sprinkler systems by not causing environmental stress cracking of the CPVC components and not being corrosive to the metal parts.

An aqueous fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof are provided, which are used for making a throw-type fire extinguisher. The aqueous fire extinguishing agent is composed of two compositions of A and B. The composition A is a fortified water added with a flame retardant (e.g., one or more of ammonium chloride, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and ammonium polyphosphate), a wetting agent (e.g., alkyl polyglycoside) and a colloid (e.g., polyacrylamide solution). The composition B is a regulator. After the composition A and the composition B are mixed, a discharge rate/speed of fire extinguishing substances is increased, so that an escape passage/route can be opened up quickly.

A forest fire retardant composition contains a retardant compound that includes a halide salt, a non-halide salt, a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide, a sulfate salt, or combinations thereof. The forest fire retardant composition may include at least one anhydrous salt and at least one hydrate salt. The sulfate salt may be magnesium sulfate. The magnesium sulfate hydrate has a formula MgSO.sub.4(H.sub.2O).sub.x, where x is about 1 to about 11. For example, x may be equal to at least one of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 or 11. The composition may be in the form of a dry concentrate, a liquid concentrate, or a final diluted product. The final diluted product is effective in suppressing, retarding, and controlling forest fires while exhibiting corrosion resistance and low toxicity.

Fire extinguishing powder for extinguishing of A, B, C, D, F and K classes of fire is obtained in the fine grinding procedure by a “micronizer” to the structure of 50 micrones of zeolite, vermiculite, aluminum hydrate, sepiolite, calcite, talk and alumina, and then mixed in the covered mixer for 30 minutes until the homogenized powder is obtained, successful for extinguishing the A, B, C, D, F and K classes of fire and especially catastrophic fires, oil absorption and its derivates and revitalization of land degradation caused by fire, where the distribution of the powder in question to the place of fire, except the devices S-1, S-2, S-3, S-6, S-9, S-12, S-50 and S-100, is performed by the military and civil planes, with the notice that the powder in question, due to its natural components it is made of, is completely non-harmful for humans, animals, plans and treated area, and besides that, it has a great extinguishing power, with almost instantaneous flame elimination.

The present disclosure provides azeotrope or azeotrope-like compositions including trifluoroiodomethane (CF.sub.3I) and 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ca), and a method of forming an azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition comprising the step of combining 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ca) and trifluoroiodomethane (CF.sub.3I) to form an azeotrope or azeotrope-like comprising 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ca) and trifluoroiodomethane (CF.sub.3I) having a boiling point of about −24.46° C.±0.30° C. at a pressure of about 14.40 psia±0.30 psia.