A vegetation effect calculation device includes: a memory configured to store instructions; and at least one processor configured to execute the instructions to: acquire a moisture content of a slope, a relational expression between the moisture content and an adhesion of soil in the slope, and a vegetation adhesion that is an adhesion of vegetation abundantly growing in the slope; calculate a correction value, using the acquired moisture content of the slope, and the acquired relational expression between the moisture content and the adhesion of the soil; and calculate a corrected vegetation adhesion, using the acquired vegetation adhesion, and the calculated correction value.

Embodiments of the invention are biodegradable pods containing materials to repair damaged turf (lawns, fields). Each pod is sized and configured to repair an area ranging in size from about 9 square inches to about 36 square inches (60 cm.sup.2 to 230 cm.sup.2). The pods contain granulated ingredients including fertilizer, grass seed, gypsum, humic acid and calcium, in a material that expands when moistened. The pods are covered with a water-disruptable covering such as a polyvinyl alcohol film or a biodegradable paper.

Embodiments of the invention are biodegradable pods containing materials to repair damaged turf (lawns, fields). Each pod is sized and configured to repair an area ranging in size from about 9 square inches to about 36 square inches (60 cm.sup.2 to 230 cm.sup.2). The pods contain granulated ingredients including fertilizer, grass seed, gypsum, humic acid and calcium, in a material that expands when moistened. The pods are covered with a water-disruptable covering such as a polyvinyl alcohol film or a biodegradable paper.

Turf management systems and methods to manage turf in a work region divided into a plurality of zones. Multiple sets of zone sensor data are associated with a different zone and monitored. A set of zone sensor data is provided as an input to a predictive turf model for each zone and an estimated turf condition is determined for each zone based on an output of the predictive turf model. Further, a recommended action (or no action) is generated based on the estimated turf condition. The recommended action (or no action) may be generated by a suggestion model. Either of the predictive turf model or the suggestion model can be updated based on measured/observed turf condition compared to desired turf condition.

Turf management systems and methods to manage turf in a work region divided into a plurality of zones. Multiple sets of zone sensor data are associated with a different zone and monitored. A set of zone sensor data is provided as an input to a predictive turf model for each zone and an estimated turf condition is determined for each zone based on an output of the predictive turf model. Further, a recommended action (or no action) is generated based on the estimated turf condition. The recommended action (or no action) may be generated by a suggestion model. Either of the predictive turf model or the suggestion model can be updated based on measured/observed turf condition compared to desired turf condition.

A sewage treatment apparatus is provided for reducing nitrogen content in sewage fluid (e.g., after primary treatment). The apparatus uses vegetation to process the sewage fluid and reduce ammonia and organic nitrogen in the processed sewage fluid by uptake of the ammonia and organic nitrogen into the vegetation and by converting the residual ammonia and organic nitrogen into nitrites and nitrates. The apparatus also uses a feedback loop to combine the processed sewage fluid and the raw sewage fluid, such that nitrites and nitrates in the processed sewage fluid are reduced by interacting with carbonaceous waste in the raw sewage fluid.

A sewage treatment apparatus is provided for reducing nitrogen content in sewage fluid (e.g., after primary treatment). The apparatus uses vegetation to process the sewage fluid and reduce ammonia and organic nitrogen in the processed sewage fluid by uptake of the ammonia and organic nitrogen into the vegetation and by converting the residual ammonia and organic nitrogen into nitrites and nitrates. The apparatus also uses a feedback loop to combine the processed sewage fluid and the raw sewage fluid, such that nitrites and nitrates in the processed sewage fluid are reduced by interacting with carbonaceous waste in the raw sewage fluid.

A coir pellet has coconut pith mixed with at least one other material, and binder mixed into the coconut pith, wherein the coconut pith, at least one other material and the binder are compressed at a ratio of at least 3:1. A method of producing coir pellets includes conditioning coconut pith and at least one other material to produce conditioned material, first compressing the conditioned material to produce pellets of a first size at a first compression ratio, at least a second compressing the pellets of a first sized to produce pellets of at least a second size at a second compression ratio, wherein the second size is smaller than the first size, and the second compression ratio is higher than the first compression ratio, polishing the pellets of at least a second size to produce polished pellets, and drying the polished pellets to produce the coir pellets.

The present invention is new art with a new function and is comprised of box or container that is composed of grass, dirt, herbs and any and all toys to decorate the backyard. The intent is for kids to create their own real-life backyard by growing grass, cutting the grass, watering the grass, planting herbs and putting toys and items in the backyard to decorate as they see fit. This toy will help educate kids on becoming a gardener while teaching them responsibility.

The present invention is new art with a new function and is comprised of box or container that is composed of grass, dirt, herbs and any and all toys to decorate the backyard. The intent is for kids to create their own real-life backyard by growing grass, cutting the grass, watering the grass, planting herbs and putting toys and items in the backyard to decorate as they see fit. This toy will help educate kids on becoming a gardener while teaching them responsibility.