The present invention is directed to a method and an apparatus for providing vapor for a discontinuous process.

A hot-water supply apparatus capable of restraining the occurrence of noises from a building wall surface side includes a hot-water supply apparatus main body having a burner and a heat exchanger that generates hot water by combustion exhaust of the burner, and a rectangular parallelepiped main body case that houses the hot-water supply apparatus main body. A back plate (5c), which closes the back side of the main body case, is installed to a building wall surface (W) such that the back plate (5c) opposes the building wall surface (W) with a predetermined void space (S) provided therebetween. A soundproof member (18), which closes at least a part of an open end of the void space (S), is provided on the main body case (5).

The liquid source vaporization apparatus comprises a tank inside of which a liquid source is stored, a heater that applies heat to the liquid source in the tank, a plurality of liquid surface detecting bodies wherein each of liquid surface detecting points is arranged in a predetermined height range in the tank with a set height regarded as the reference, a reference detecting body arranged above the predetermined height range in the tank, and a liquid surface discriminator that discriminates whether or not there is the liquid source at the set height on a basis of a threshold value set based on a change in electrical resistance of the reference detecting body and a change in electrical resistance of a plurality of the liquid surface detecting bodies.

Provided is a method of producing an ultrafine bubble-containing liquid containing ultrafine bubbles generated by causing film boiling in a liquid with a heat generation member, including: detaching a solid present at a liquid contact surface of the heat generation member in a form of a microscopic substance by using the film boiling; and generating ultrafine bubbles with the detached microscopic substance as a core.

Provided is a method of producing an ultrafine bubble-containing liquid containing ultrafine bubbles generated by causing film boiling in a liquid with a heat generation member, including: detaching a solid present at a liquid contact surface of the heat generation member in a form of a microscopic substance by using the film boiling; and generating ultrafine bubbles with the detached microscopic substance as a core.

A vapor chamber includes a wick structure created by an additive selective laser sintering process. The wick structure includes a substrate, a first copper powder layer, a second copper powder layer, and a plurality of additional layers. The first copper powder layer is deposited across the substrate, wherein the first copper powder layer is subsequently selectively fused via a fusing instrument. The second copper powder layer is deposited across the first copper powder layer, wherein the second copper powder layer is subsequently selectively fused via the fusing instrument. Additionally, a plurality of additional copper powder layers are deposited wherein each additional layer is deposited on the previous layer, wherein each of the additional copper powder layers is selectively fused with a predetermined structure.

Disclosed is a swirl generator for an evaporator, having: a body that extends along a body-center axis between opposing inlet and outlet ends, and includes: a fluid inlet at the inlet end; an outer surface that, at that the outlet end, defines an outlet region with a curved outer boundary forming a convex curve that extends radially inward from an outer diameter surface of the body to an outer axial surface of the body; a center passage formed within the body that extends from the inlet towards the outlet along the body-center axis; and a swirl passage formed at the outlet end of the body, the swirl passage extending between the center passage and the curved outer boundary along a swirl passage axis, whereby a fluid entering from the inlet exits the body at the curved outer boundary, the swirl passage axis forming an acute angle with the body-center axis.

The abstract of the disclosure is a thermal-ultrafine bubble generation unit which is configured to generate thermal-ultrafine bubbles by bringing a liquid into film boiling. More specifically, the thermal-ultrafine bubble generation unit in the disclosure includes a temperature detection element that is configured to detect generation of the film boiling.

The abstract of the disclosure is a thermal-ultrafine bubble generation unit which is configured to generate thermal-ultrafine bubbles by bringing a liquid into film boiling. More specifically, the thermal-ultrafine bubble generation unit in the disclosure includes a temperature detection element that is configured to detect generation of the film boiling.

An ultrafine bubble generating apparatus generates thermal-ultrafine bubbles by bringing a liquid into film boiling while using a heater provided to a substrate. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus includes a control unit which inputs energy to the heater such that a value of a ratio of energy to be inputted to the heater relative to energy with which the heater generates film boiling falls below 1.17 under a condition that the energy to be inputted to the heater is larger than the energy with which the heater generates film boiling.