The invention provides a non-naturally occurring microbial biocatalyst including a microbial organism having a 4-hydroxybutanoic acid (4-HB) biosynthetic pathway having at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding 4-hydroxybutanoate dehydrogenase, succinyl-CoA synthetase, CoA-dependent succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, or α-ketoglutarate decarboxylase, wherein the exogenous nucleic acid is expressed in sufficient amounts to produce monomeric 4-hydroxybutanoic acid (4-HB). Also provided is a non-naturally occurring microbial biocatalyst including a microbial organism having 4-hydroxybutanoic acid (4-HB) and 1,4-butanediol (BDO) biosynthetic pathways, the pathways include at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding 4-hydroxybutanoate dehydrogenase, succinyl-CoA synthetase, CoA-dependent succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, 4-hydroxybutyrate:CoA transferase, 4-butyrate kinase, phosphotransbutyrylase, α-ketoglutarate decarboxylase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase or an aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase, wherein the exogenous nucleic acid is expressed in sufficient amounts to produce 1,4-butanediol (BDO). Additionally provided are methods for the production of 4-HB and BDO.

Degassing device for degassing a liquid flow, including: a housing for receiving liquid from the liquid flow therein, the housing having one or more ports for connecting to the liquid flow; a valve arranged for allowing gas to escape from the housing; and a heater arranged at least partly inside the housing for raising a temperature of the liquid received in the housing with respect to a further temperature of the liquid flow.

A process for the purification of isobutene from a C4 stream with at least 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutane and isobutene includes isomerizing 1-butene from a stream of material which is concentrated in isobutane and isobutene obtained from the C4 stream into 2-butene, using a catalyst in an isomerization reactor; supplying a product stream from the isomerization reactor to a rectification column; and providing a stream of material which is concentrated in isobutene. A processing facility is utilized for the purification of isobutene from the C4 stream.

Disclosed herein is a catalytic process for producing higher olefins including three- to four-carbon olefins from ethene sources by producing an ethene-containing stream from an ethene source, and subjecting the ethene-containing stream to a catalytic oligomerization process. In this catalytic process, the catalytic oligomerization process comprises exposing the ethene-containing stream in contact with a catalyst including a mixture of a zeolite material and a zeotype material.

A distillation apparatus includes a first distillation column and one or more second distillation columns. A higher-pressure part of the first distillation column includes at least part of a rectifying section, and performs gas-liquid contact at a relatively high pressure. A lower pressure-part of the first distillation column includes at least part of a stripping section and performs gas-liquid contact at a relatively low pressure. A vapor line, which includes a pressurizing means, directs a vapor discharged from a column top of the lower-pressure part to a column bottom of the higher-pressure part. A liquid line directs a liquid discharged from the column bottom of the higher-pressure part to the column top of the lower pressure part. Corresponding heat exchange structures transfer heat in both directions between the rectifying section of the first distillation column and at least one second distillation column.

“VINASSE TREATMENT PROCESS BY FLOTATION IN FLOW”, more precisely, it is a vinasse treatment process, by high performance flowing flotation system in industrial plants' facilities, resulting in obtaining concentrated vinasse sludge and treated vinasse, being said process comprised by vinasse treatment, which consists of treatment steps performed inside flotation tank, which comprises succession of coagulation systems and basins, flocculation, combined with aeration and oxygenation, in addition to a system of nano and micro bubbles in flotation basin, in which vinasse naturally flows into its storage tank, being said process results in formation of surface sludge and treated vinasse.

A system and method for producing liquid hydrocarbons is disclosed. In one embodiment, the system includes at least one renewable power system configured to generate a DC electric power output; at least one water electrolysis system in electrical communication with the renewable power system and configured to utilize the DC electric power to produce a hydrogen output; and a liquid hydrocarbon synthesis system in fluid communication with the water electrolysis system and configured to utilize the hydrogen output and a carbon dioxide feed to produce a liquid hydrocarbon product.

The main subject of the present invention is a process for installing a section of packing in a casing by means of a device to assist installation of a section of packing, the casing comprising at least one tubular wall extending in a longitudinal direction (L) between two longitudinal ends, and an inner face of which participates in delimiting a receptacle for the section of packing, the tubular wall participating in delimiting an input opening at one of its longitudinal ends, the casing comprising a base wall positioned at the longitudinal end opposite the input opening, the casing being positioned horizontally during the process for installing the section of packing, the process comprising a step of fitting of the device to assist installation on the casing, during which the device to assist installation is secured in the vicinity of the input opening of the casing, a step of positioning of the section of packing relative to the device to assist installation and to the input opening, and at least one step of pushing during which the section of packing is pushed into the receptacle of the casing.

An energy saving and emission reduction system for chemical separation and purification process is disclosed. The chemical separation and purification process includes a synthesis section and/or a distillation section and/or a recovery section. The energy saving and emission reduction system includes an energy comprehensive utilization maximizing energy saving module. The energy comprehensive utilization maximizing energy saving module comprehensively evaluates the chemical separation and purification process, and acquires a lowest energy consumption value according to initial and final material flow parameters. Then energy integration optimization and energy saving technical modification are performed on the synthesis section and/or distillation section and/or recovery section according to the lowest energy consumption value. The disclosure involves a comprehensive and extensive energy saving and emission reduction system for chemical separation and purification process, and has achieved good environmental benefits.

A system for treating a produced water stream to separate the water into a final concentrated brine stream and a final distillate stream includes a first flash vessel for separating the produced water stream into a first distillate stream and a first concentrated brine stream, a second flash vessel connected to the first flash vessel separates the first concentrated brine stream into a second distillate stream and a second concentrated brine stream, a third flash vessel connected to the second flash vessel separates the second concentrated brine stream into a third distillate stream and a final concentrated brine stream, a first pre-heater heat exchanger for heating the produced water stream by the final distillate stream of combination of the first distillate stream from the first flash vessel, the second distillate stream from the second flash vessel and the third distillate stream from the third flash vessel, a second pre-heater heat exchanger connected to the first pre-heater heat exchanger, for heating the produced water stream from the first pre-heater heat exchanger by the concentrated brine stream from the third flash vessel, a third pre-heater heat exchanger connected to the second pre-heater heat exchanger, for heating the produced water stream from the second pre-heater heat exchanger by the third distillate stream from the third flash vessel, a pump connected to the third pre-heater heat exchanger for pumping the produced water stream at positive pressure, an electrical heater connected to the pump for heating the produced water stream, and a waste heat exchanger connected to the first electrical heater for heating the produced water stream.