A method for removal of a foulant from a carrier gas is disclosed. A solids conveyance device that spans a vessel and a solids coolant system are provided. A cold solid foulant is provided to the solid inlet of the vessel. The carrier gas containing the foulant is provided to the carrier gas inlet of the vessel. The foulant condenses or desublimates onto the recycled solid foulant, forming a foulant-depleted carrier gas and a solid foulant product. The solids conveyance device passes the solid foulant product out of the vessel. The foulant-depleted carrier gas leaves the vessel. The solid foulant product is split into a final solid foulant product and a recycled solid foulant. The recycled solid foulant is cooled through the coolant system to produce the cold solid foulant. In this manner, the foulant is removed from the carrier gas.

The present invention relates to a recuperative trapping stage (3) for a refrigerator or refrigerator system. The recuperative trapping stage (3) comprises at least one first portion and at least one second portion configured for conveying fluids, wherein the first portion is in fluid communication with the second portion and wherein at least one part of the second portion is arranged within the first portion. Further the present invention relates to a refrigerator with at least one recuperative trapping stage (3) according to the present invention and with at least one cooler (1), the cooler (1) having at least one cold stage, wherein at least a part or section of the first portion of the at least one recuperative trapping stage (3) is thermally coupled, or at least configured to be thermally coupleable, to the at least one cold stage. Finally the present invention relates to a method of cleaning at least one recuperative trapping stage (3) in a refrigerator according to the present invention.

The present invention relates to a recuperative trapping stage (3) for a refrigerator or refrigerator system. The recuperative trapping stage (3) comprises at least one first portion and at least one second portion configured for conveying fluids, wherein the first portion is in fluid communication with the second portion and wherein at least one part of the second portion is arranged within the first portion. Further the present invention relates to a refrigerator with at least one recuperative trapping stage (3) according to the present invention and with at least one cooler (1), the cooler (1) having at least one cold stage, wherein at least a part or section of the first portion of the at least one recuperative trapping stage (3) is thermally coupled, or at least configured to be thermally coupleable, to the at least one cold stage. Finally the present invention relates to a method of cleaning at least one recuperative trapping stage (3) in a refrigerator according to the present invention.

Disclosed is a process to produce a purified vapor comprising dialkyl-furan-2,5-dicarboxylate (DAFD). Furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and an alcohol in an esterification zone to generate a crude diester stream containing dialkyl furan dicarboxylate (DAFD), unreacted alcohol, 5-(alkoxycarbonyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid (ACFC), and alkyl furan-2-carboxylate (AFC). The esterification zone comprises at least one reactor that has been previously used in an DMT process.

Disclosed is a process to produce a purified vapor comprising dialkyl-furan-2,5-dicarboxylate (DAFD). Furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and an alcohol in an esterification zone to generate a crude diester stream containing dialkyl furan dicarboxylate (DAFD), unreacted alcohol, 5-(alkoxycarbonyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid (ACFC), and alkyl furan-2-carboxylate (AFC). The esterification zone comprises at least one reactor that has been previously used in an DMT process.

This disclosure provides an integrated system and method for producing purified water, hydrogen, and oxygen from contaminated water. The contaminated water may be derived from regolith-based resources on the moon, Mars, near-Earth asteroids, or other destination in outer space. The integrated system and method utilize a cold trap to receive the contaminated water in a vapor phase and selectively freeze out water from one or more volatiles. A heat source increases temperature in the cold trap to vaporize the frozen contaminated water to produce a gas stream of water vapor and volatiles. A chemical scrubber may remove one or more volatiles. The integrated system and method utilize ionomer membrane technology to separate the water vapor from remaining volatiles. The water vapor is delivered for crew use or delivered to an electrolyzer to produce hydrogen and oxygen.

This disclosure provides an integrated system and method for producing purified water, hydrogen, and oxygen from contaminated water. The contaminated water may be derived from regolith-based resources on the moon, Mars, near-Earth asteroids, or other destination in outer space. The integrated system and method utilize a cold trap to receive the contaminated water in a vapor phase and selectively freeze out water from one or more volatiles. A heat source increases temperature in the cold trap to vaporize the frozen contaminated water to produce a gas stream of water vapor and volatiles. A chemical scrubber may remove one or more volatiles. The integrated system and method utilize ionomer membrane technology to separate the water vapor from remaining volatiles. The water vapor is delivered for crew use or delivered to an electrolyzer to produce hydrogen and oxygen.

An improved cold trap of the type having a cooling mechanism (e.g., one or more cold fingers and optionally a cooling coil), to accept a gas stream to condense out volatile vapors, and a seal that contains the gas stream within the cold trap. The cold trap accordingly exhibits a flow impedance and a condensation efficiency. The improvement includes a baffle and the seal made rotatable, to rotatably hold the baffle and the cooling mechanism within the cold trap thereby allowing adjustment of the flow impedance and the condensation efficiency of the cold trap.

An improved cold trap of the type having a cooling mechanism (e.g., one or more cold fingers and optionally a cooling coil), to accept a gas stream to condense out volatile vapors, and a seal that contains the gas stream within the cold trap. The cold trap accordingly exhibits a flow impedance and a condensation efficiency. The improvement includes a baffle and the seal made rotatable, to rotatably hold the baffle and the cooling mechanism within the cold trap thereby allowing adjustment of the flow impedance and the condensation efficiency of the cold trap.

A cold trap has multiple interior spaces formed within one unit such that a vacuum pump pulls only dry air and distillate substantially fully or fully condenses and drops out of the bottom of the device. Laminar flow through a side portal is converted into turbulent flow in a cooling region around a conical cold glass or other inert protrusion. The only other portal of the cooling region is a bottom portal such that though there is vacuum suction, vapors only exit through the bottom portal after condensing and falling through an outer section while dry air is pulled upwards to an upper vacuum portal.