A method for converting lignin to a phenol product, the method comprising contacting a zeolite catalyst with a lignin under reaction conditions sufficient to produce the phenol product at a yield of equal to or greater than about 50%. A method for converting lignin to a mixed phenol product, the method comprising contacting a large-pore zeolite catalyst with a Kraft lignin under reaction conditions comprising a reaction temperature of from about 550 C. to about 850 C. to produce the mixed phenol product at a yield of equal to or greater than about 50%.

The present invention relates to attrition resistant hydrocarbon cracking catalyst additive composition comprising aluminium phosphate binder for cracking of hydrocarbon molecules to produce light olefins and process of preparation thereof. The present invention further relates to the process of preparation of the aluminium phosphate binder wherein said binder is incorporated into the ZSM-5 additive composition to enhance its attrition resistance property as well as enhance selectivity and activity of additive composition for production of light olefins such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).

Provided herein are zoned catalysts that utilize components efficiently in that relatively short zones are provided to achieve specific functionalities to convert and/or trap one or more components in the exhaust stream. Highly controlled zoned are formed from one end of a monolithic carrier. The zones have a flat profile such that the zoned catalytic material within each passage of the substrate is at a substantially uniform distance from one end of the carrier. Methods of making and using the same are also provided.

A process is described for the preparation of an inorganic material with a hierarchical porosity in the micropore and mesopore domains. The material has at least two elementary spherical particles having a maximum diameter of 200 microns. The process comprises: a) preparing a solution containing zeolitic nanocrystals with a maximum nanometric dimension equal to 60 nm based on silicon and/or precursor elements of proto-zeolitic entities based on silicon; b) mixing, in solution, metallic particles or at least one metallic precursor of metallic particles, a surfactant and the solution obtained in accordance with a) such that the ratio of the volumes of inorganic and organic materials, V.sub.inorganic/V.sub.organic, is 0.29 to 0.50; c) aerosol atomization of the solution obtained in b) resulting in formation of spherical particles; d) drying the particles; g) eliminating any remaining precursor elements of proto-zeolitic entities based on silicon and the surfactant.

The present invention relates to a catalytic cracking catalyst and a preparation process thereof, the catalytic cracking catalyst has a cracking active component, an optional mesoporous aluminosilicate material, a clay and a binder, wherein said cracking active component comprises, substantially consists of or consists of: a rare earth-containing Y zeolite, an optional other Y zeolite, and an optional MFI-structured zeolite, said rare earth-containing Y zeolite has a rare earth content as rare earth oxide of 10-25 wt %, e.g. 11-23 wt %; a unit cell size of 2.440-2.472 nm, e.g. 2.450-2.470 nm; a crystallinity of 35-65%, e.g. 40-60%; a Si/Al atom ratio in the skeleton of 2.5-5.0; and a product of the ratio of the strength I.sub.1 of the peak at 2=11.80.1 to the strength I.sub.2 of the peak at 2=12.30.1 in the X-ray diffraction spectrogram of the zeolite and the weight percent of rare earth as rare earth oxide in the zeolite of higher than 48, e.g. higher than 55.

A three-way catalyst is disclosed. The three-way catalyst comprises a palladium component comprising palladium and a ceria-zirconia-alumina mixed or composite oxide, and also comprises a rhodium component comprising rhodium and a zirconia-containing material. The palladium component and the rhodium component are coated onto a silver-containing extruded molecular sieve substrate. The invention also includes an exhaust system comprising the three-way catalyst. The three-way catalyst results in improved hydrocarbon storage and conversion, in particular during the cold start period.

A method of preparing a spray dried catalyst by combining spray dried catalyst particles with wax so the spray dried catalyst particles are coated with wax, yielding wax coated catalyst particles, and shaping the wax coated catalyst to provide shaped wax coated catalyst. A method of activating Fischer-Tropsch catalyst particles containing oxides by contacting the catalyst particles with a reducing gas in an activation vessel to produce an activated catalyst, wherein contacting is performed in the absence of a liquid medium under activation conditions. A system for activating a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst containing an activation reactor configured to introduce an activation gas to a fixed or fluidized bed of the Fischer-Tropsch catalyst in the absence of a liquid medium and at least one separation device configured to separate a gas stream comprising entrained catalyst fines having an average particle size below a desired cutoff size from the activation reactor.

According to one or more embodiments, cationic polymers may be produced which include one or more monomers containing cations. Such cationic polymers may be utilized as structure directing agents to form mesoporous zeolites. The mesoporous zeolites may include micropores as well as mesopores, and may have a surface area of greater than 350 m.sup.2/g and a pore volume of greater than 0.3 cm.sup.3/g. Also described are core/shell zeolites, where at least the shell portion includes a mesoporous zeolite material.

A method for synthesizing a crystalline molecular sieve SSZ-13, characterized in that the method comprises bringing the following raw materials into contact in water under a crystallization condition: at least one tetravalent silicon source, at least one trivalent aluminium source, at least one alkali metal compound, choline cations and/or SSZ-13 seed crystals, and hydroxide ions. The method avoids using benzyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium ions (BzTMA.sup.+) or N,N,N-trimethyl-1-amantadine cations as structure-directing agents, and obtains high-quality crystal molecular sieve SSZ-13. Due to the use of a low-cost nontoxic structure-directing agent, the method has low production price by employing a low-cost nontoxic template, and can be popularized for application.

A heterogeneous catalyst article having at least one combination of a first molecular sieve having a medium pore, large pore, or meso-pore crystal structure and optionally containing a first metal, and a second molecular sieve having a small pore crystal structure and optionally containing a second metal, and a monolith substrate onto or within which said catalytic component is incorporated, wherein the combination of the first and second molecular sieves is a blend, a plurality of layers, and/or a plurality of zones.