The disclosure provides methods for sequencing nucleic acids using, including with nucleotide analogs and subsequently appended labels.

Catalyst compositions containing a metallocene compound, a solid activator, and a co-catalyst, in which the solid activator or the supported metallocene catalyst has a d50 average particle size of 15 to 50 μm and a particle size distribution of 0.5 to 1.5, can be contacted with an olefin in a loop slurry reactor to produce an olefin polymer. A representative ethylene-based polymer produced using the catalyst composition has excellent dart impact strength and low gels, and can be characterized by a HLMI from 4 to 10 g/10 min, a density from 0.944 to 0.955 g/cm.sup.3, a higher molecular weight component with a Mn from 280,000 to 440,000 g/mol, and a lower molecular weight component with a Mw from 30,000 to 45,000 g/mol and a ratio of Mz/Mw ranging from 2.3 to 3.4.

The present invention includes compositions and methods of using a molecule of Formula I:

##STR00001##

wherein R is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, phenyl, cyclohexyl, fluoro, chloro, methoxy, ethoxy, butoxy, phenoxy, aryl, alkene, alkyne, and heterocyclic. The molecule of Formula I is a ligand until a metal is added, at which time the molecule is a catalyst.

The present application discloses complexes useful as catalysts for organic chemical synthesis including hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of unsaturated compounds or dehydrogenation of substrates. The range of hydrogenation substrate compounds includes esters, lactones, oils and fats, resulting in alcohols, diols, and triols as reaction products. The catalysts of current application can be used to catalyze a hydrogenation reaction under solvent free conditions. The present catalysts also allow the hydrogenation to proceed without added base, and it can be used in place of the conventional reduction methods employing hydrides of the main-group elements. Furthermore, the catalysts of the present application can catalyze a dehydrogenation reaction under homogenous and/or acceptorless conditions. As such, the catalysts provided herein can be useful in substantially reducing cost and improving the environmental profile of manufacturing processes for variety of chemicals.

Subject of the invention is a process for producing a biofuel from fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) obtained by transesterification of vegetable oils, comprising the steps of: (a) ethenolysis of the fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of ethylene and an ethenolysis catalyst, and (b) isomerizing metathesis in the presence of an isomerization catalyst and a metathesis catalyst. The invention also relates to biofuels obtainable by the inventive process and to uses of ethylene for adjusting and optimizing biofuels.

Subject of the invention is a process for producing a biofuel from fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) obtained by transesterification of vegetable oils, comprising the steps of: (a) ethenolysis of the fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of ethylene and an ethenolysis catalyst, and (b) isomerizing metathesis in the presence of an isomerization catalyst and a metathesis catalyst. The invention also relates to biofuels obtainable by the inventive process and to uses of ethylene for adjusting and optimizing biofuels.

The present invention relates to a catalyst composition for hydroformylation and a method of preparing an aldehyde using the same. More specifically, the present invention provides a catalyst composition for hydroformylation including a specific phosphite-based ligand and a transition metal compound in a specific amount range, thereby being capable of greatly lowering a use amount of an expensive transition metal compound and exhibiting excellent catalyst activity or stability. In addition, by using the catalyst composition in hydroformylation, excellent reaction efficiency may be provided and iso-aldehyde may be generated in high yield.

Disclosed herein is a method of reducing an aromatic nitro compound. In some embodiments the method comprises the step of contacting an aromatic nitro compound with a catalyst, wherein, the catalyst comprises, a disproportionation agent, and a biocatalyst. Also disclosed is a biocatalyst for use in the method, use of a disproportionation agent, and a biocatalyst, as a catalyst for reducing an aromatic nitro compound, and a kit comprising a disproportionation agent, and a biocatalyst.

Disclosed are compounds, methods, reagents, systems, and kits for the preparation and utilization of monomeric or polymeric metal-based compounds. These metal-based compounds are organometallic catalysts composed of substituted dipyrrin ligands bound to transition metals. C—H bond functionalization catalysis can be performed with the disclosed organometallic catalysts to yield C—N bonds to generate substituted bicyclic, spiro, and fused nitrogen-containing heterocycles, all common motifs in various pharmaceutical and bioactive molecules.

Novel, lubricious coatings for medical devices are disclosed. The coatings provide improved lubricity and durability, and are readily applied in coating processes. The present invention is also directed to a novel platinum catalyst for use in such coatings. The catalyst provides for rapid curing, while inhibiting cross-linking at ambient temperatures, thereby improving the production pot life of the coatings.