A method for reacting a reaction object with a liquid containing the reaction object in contact with a granular porous body. The upper limit D (mm) of the particle diameter of the granular porous body is determined from D=0.556×LN (T)+0.166 in a column flow method in non-circulation type, and determined from D=0.0315×T+0.470 in the column flow method in a circulation type and a shaking method. The granular porous body includes a skeleton body including an inorganic compound having a three-dimensional continuous network structure, and has a two-step hierarchical porous structure including through-holes formed in voids in the skeleton body, and pores extending from a surface to an inside of the skeleton body and dispersed on the surface. A functional group having affinity with the metal ion is chemically modified on a surface of the granular porous body.

A method for reacting a reaction object with a liquid containing the reaction object in contact with a granular porous body. The upper limit D (mm) of the particle diameter of the granular porous body is determined from D=0.556×LN (T)+0.166 in a column flow method in non-circulation type, and determined from D=0.0315×T+0.470 in the column flow method in a circulation type and a shaking method. The granular porous body includes a skeleton body including an inorganic compound having a three-dimensional continuous network structure, and has a two-step hierarchical porous structure including through-holes formed in voids in the skeleton body, and pores extending from a surface to an inside of the skeleton body and dispersed on the surface. A functional group having affinity with the metal ion is chemically modified on a surface of the granular porous body.

The installation for separating a multivalent cationic species from a solution comprising this multivalent cationic species and lithium comprises a capture device (3) having an entry (2) and an exit (4). The capture device (3) comprises, between the entry (2) and the exit (4), a microfibre product (12) with a higher affinity for multivalent cations than for monovalent cations. The installation comprises a circulation system (5) adapted to circulate the solution from the entry (2) to the exit (4) in contact with the microfiber product (21), the microfibre product (21) capturing said multivalent cationic species.

The installation for separating a multivalent cationic species from a solution comprising this multivalent cationic species and lithium comprises a capture device (3) having an entry (2) and an exit (4). The capture device (3) comprises, between the entry (2) and the exit (4), a microfibre product (12) with a higher affinity for multivalent cations than for monovalent cations. The installation comprises a circulation system (5) adapted to circulate the solution from the entry (2) to the exit (4) in contact with the microfiber product (21), the microfibre product (21) capturing said multivalent cationic species.

A method of processing an aqueous solution, wherein the aqueous solution comprises one or more dissolved sugar, one or more dissolved sugar alcohol, or a mixture thereof, wherein the method comprises bringing the aqueous solution into contact with a collection of resin beads, wherein the resin beads comprise functional groups of structure (S1).

A method for producing an aqueous solution of purified orthoperiodic acid with a reduced Cr content; a method for producing a semiconductor device that includes etching a Ru layer on a semiconductor substrate with an etchant obtained by the method; and an aqueous solution of orthoperiodic acid with a reduced Cr content. The method includes bringing an aqueous solution of crude orthoperiodic acid into contact with a metal removing agent including a chelating resin, the aqueous solution of crude orthoperiodic acid containing orthoperiodic acid and water and having an orthoperiodic acid content of 15% by mass or less and a Cr content of 1 ppb by mass or more based on the total mass of the aqueous solution of crude orthoperiodic acid.

The invention is directed to ion capture devices and methods for ion capture.

Chemically inert, mechanically tough, cationic metallo-polyelectrolytes designed as durable anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cobaltocenium-containing cyclooctene with triazole as the only linker group, followed by backbone hydrogenation to provide a new class of AEMs with a polyethylene-like framework and alkaline-stable cobaltocenium cation for ion transport, which exhibit excellent thermal, chemical and mechanical stability, as well as high ion conductivity.

Chemically inert, mechanically tough, cationic metallo-polyelectrolytes designed as durable anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cobaltocenium-containing cyclooctene with triazole as the only linker group, followed by backbone hydrogenation to provide a new class of AEMs with a polyethylene-like framework and alkaline-stable cobaltocenium cation for ion transport, which exhibit excellent thermal, chemical and mechanical stability, as well as high ion conductivity.

A heavy metal capture composition, devices including the composition, and a method of reducing heavy metal contamination in the environment is described.