A refiner includes a main body, a rotation shaft provided inside the main body, a tapered rotor attached to the rotation shaft with a space therein, a stator provided in the main body, a rotor beating portion provided on the rotor and having a groove between bars and through-holes, a stator beating portion on the stator with a groove between bars and through-holes, a raw material supply portion for supplying a raw material into the main body, and a raw material discharge portion for discharging a beaten raw material outside the main body. A portion of the raw material guided to a small-diameter opening portion of the rotor and the space of the rotor is beaten by passing through the through-holes of the rotor beating portion and the stator beating portion, and is discharged outside the stator beating portion from the through-holes of the stator beating portion.

A colloid mill for reducing a particle size of particles having a rotor and a stator, which are arranged coaxially one inside the other. The colloid mill has a material inlet for introducing a suspension or emulsion on a first axial side and a product outlet for conducting away the suspension or emulsion on a second axial side. The rotor has a rotor grinding surface, and/or the stator has a stator grinding surface. The rotor grinding surface has a grinding tooth with a shearing surface and/or shearing edge, the cross-sectional surface of which grinding tooth tapers, in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, wherein the cross-sectional surface has a first leg, which adjoins a base side and encloses an angle with the base side.

The invention relates to a refiner plate segment in a refiner plate for mechanically refining of lignocellulosic material in a refiner, said refiner plate segment comprising at least a first, generally radially extending bar, a second, generally radially extending bar, a groove arranged and defined between said first, generally radially extending bar and said second, generally radially extending bar, and a main dam, which has a height H and is arranged in the groove, wherein a pre-dam is arranged in front of the main dam, said pre-dam has a height h which is less than the height H of the main dam.

The invention relates to a refiner plate segment in a refiner plate for mechanically refining of lignocellulosic material in a refiner, said refiner plate segment comprising at least a first, generally radially extending bar, a second, generally radially extending bar, a groove arranged and defined between said first, generally radially extending bar and said second, generally radially extending bar, and a main dam, which has a height H and is arranged in the groove, wherein a pre-dam is arranged in front of the main dam, said pre-dam has a height h which is less than the height H of the main dam.

A livestock food product that includes at least one or more plant-based agricultural feeds containing at least one or more plant residues of at least one or more noxious and/or invasive plants. The one or more residues containing no more than 10% of the naturally occurring amount, by weight, of at least one noxious compound that was present in the one or more noxious and/or invasive plants, the naturally occurring amount being the amount of the at least one noxious compound that was present in the noxious and/or original plants while they were alive. The one or more noxious and/or invasive plants including at least one of hemp, tumbleweed, sagebrush, or cheat grass. These plants fibers contain valuable nutrients and flourish under semiarid conditions in abundance. Proper harvesting techniques, bioprocessing can make these plant valuable resources available to mankind environmentally and economically.

A mill for grinding particles to submicron size. The mill has a rectangular prism-shaped housing for two internal barrels. Each internal barrel has a shaft and a plurality of overlapping circular discs attached to the shaft for grinding materials to submicron size. Each barrel also has blocked corners providing a cross-sectional shape of half of an octagonal prism disposed toward opposing ends of the housing. The housing also includes comprises curved acceleration ramps disposed between the barrels proximal to the overlapping circular discs on opposing sides of the housing. An inlet is provided for feeding material to be ground by the mill to an overlapped portion of the overlapping circular discs. An outlet is disposed at an end of the mill opposite the inlet for removing ground material from the mill. The overlapping circular discs are rotated in the mill at a shaft speed ranging from about 200 to about 1200 RPM.

Provided is a method of recycling rubber including grinding rubber to be recycled, drying said rubber in a heated, vertically-oriented blender, compressing the rubber in a compressor, and extruding the rubber through an extruder and onto a conveyor. Also provided is a system for carrying out the method and recycled rubber product produced by the same.

A preparation of tantalum nanoparticles, its use, and a process for obtaining it by comminution, that is, a top-down process. The nanoparticle preparation has a composition, purity, defined particle granulometric profile and high specific surface area, making it useful in a variety of applications. A process for obtaining nanoparticles from mineral species containing tantalum through controlled comminution and without chemical reactions or contamination with reagents typical of nanoparticle synthesis. The process provides the large-scale obtaining of tantalum pentoxide nanoparticles with high purity, determined granulometric size profile and very high specific surface area, making their use practically viable in various industrial applications.

A center plate for a rotor in a pulp refiner is described in which the center plate is provided with a plurality of first wings for directing pulp flowing onto the center portion of the center plate towards the periphery of the center plate, each of the first wings comprising an arc-shaped protrusion extending between a corresponding first point and a corresponding second point on the surface of the center plate, the first point being displaced from the center portion of the center plate and the second point being disposed further from said center portion of the center plate then the first point, the first wings having an arc shape that yields a larger pulp feeding angle then that of a circular arc intersecting the center portion of the center plate and ending in the same corresponding second point, and the second point of each of the first wings lies on the periphery of the center plate.

A method for producing a lightweight ceramic aggregate, particularly from coal ash, according to the invention is characterized in that the raw material mixture of the total moisture content preferably below 20% by weight consisting of power station ashes originating from combusting coal, or ashes from combusting coal in a mixture with biomass ash, or ashes from co-combusting biomass with coal and phosphogypsum in an amount of up to 50% by weight, taken from dumps and/or from direct dump from a power station or a heat and power station, the raw materials from the dumps preferably being heated up in winter by a mixture of atmospheric air and exhaust gases from the step of burning and sintering, with a content of non-burnt coal above 6% by weight, agglomeration promoting agents like silty non-organic materials, preferably bentonite, preferably in an amount of up to 4% by weight, clay preferably up to 6% by weight, organic waste materials like used paints and lacquers, after-fermentation sludge in an amount preferably of up to 10% by weight, and after-coal mining waste materials in an amount preferably of up to 50% by weight, the mixture being completed with dust separated from exhaust gases produced during the step of burning and sintering, is fed to preferably at least one of two or more granulating disks, or in a cascade-type manner to at least two granulating disks, where it is sprayed with water, preferably in a form of a mist, to the total moisture content preferably below 30% by weight. Next, the screened fraction of grains of the granularity of preferably 6-30 mm, is subjected to counterflow drying in the heat of a mixture of the atmospheric air and cooled exhaust gases from the step of burning and sintering, the cooled exhaust gases having the temperature below the ignition temperature of the granulated material. The dried granulated material is subjected to burning and sintering in a co-flow rotary oven with radial air supply, with filling the oven with the granulated material preferably above 50% of its volume without adding any external fuel. Next, the burnt granulated material is subjected to a non-membrane atmospheric air cooling process in a crossed arrangement in a cooling bed, preferably of a transporter or grate type, the cold air being fed to the cooling bed into its specific cooling zone in such an amount that its mixture with the exhaust gases led out from the oven is suitable for drying the granulated material in the drier, for heating up, particularly in the winter, the raw materials taken from the dumps, and for feeding the nozzles radially delivering hot gases into the rotary oven. Finally, the granulated material cooled down preferab