A discharge device includes a discharge electrode, a counter electrode that faces the discharge electrode in a first direction, and voltage application unit that applies an application voltage between the discharge electrode and the counter electrode. The counter electrode includes a dome-shaped electrode having a recessed inner surface recessed to a side opposite to the discharge electrode in the first direction, and a protruding electrode that protrudes in a second direction intersecting the first direction from an opening edge of an opening of the dome-shaped electrode, the opening being provided at an end opposite to the discharge electrode. The discharge device forms a discharge path having at least partial dielectric breakdown between the discharge electrode and the protruding electrode, when the discharge occurs. The discharge path includes a first dielectric breakdown region generated around the discharge electrode and a second dielectric breakdown region generated around the protruding electrode.

A voltage application device includes a voltage application circuit. The voltage application circuit applies application voltage between discharge electrode and counter electrode which face each other with a clearance left from each other to generate a discharge. The voltage application device forms discharge path partially and dielectrically broken between discharge electrode and counter electrode when a discharge is generated. Discharge path includes first dielectric breakdown region formed around discharge electrode, and second dielectric breakdown region formed around counter electrode.

An additive manufacturing system includes an additive manufacturing tool configured to supply a plurality of droplets to a part, a temperature control device configured to control a temperature of the part, and a controller configured to control the composition, formation, and application of each droplet to the plurality of droplets to the part independent from control of the temperature of the part via the temperature control device. The plurality of droplets is configured to build up the part. Each droplet of the plurality of droplets includes at least one metallic anchoring material.

Methods, systems and devices that allow independently applied pressures to a BGE reservoir and a sample reservoir for pressure-driven injection that can inject a discrete sample plug into a separation channel that does not require voltage applied to the sample reservoir and can allow for in-channel focusing methods to be used. The methods, systems and devices are particularly suitable for use with a mass spectrometer.

An improved electro hydrodynamic method is provided. The method comprises arranging (11) an electro hydrodynamic device inside an enclosure and distributing (12) positive and/or negative ions inside the enclosure during a charging period with a certain defined amount of power. The distribution of the positive and/or the negative ions inside the enclosure (20) is performed so that a predefined amount of charge is set on the interior of the enclosure (20). Within a predetermined period of time after the charging period has ended, the electrospinning device is activated so as to create a product. Finally, the product is removed from the device. The present invention offers a solution for the problem of non-identical initial process conditions for an electro hydrodynamic process caused by any electric charges on the equipment.

An electrospinning device (1; 30) is provided comprising: a container (2) for holding a liquid comprising a polymer melt or a polymer solution; a nozzle (3) arranged to outlet a stream of the liquid from the container; a collecting surface (4) for collecting electro spun material coming from the nozzle during an electrospinning process so as to form a fibrous structure (8) on the collecting surface (4); a voltage supply system (5) arranged to create a voltage difference between the nozzle and the collecting surface (4), one or more electrostatic emitters (10; 38) arranged to locally distribute positive and/or negative ions onto the fibrous structure, and one or more rotatable bodies (6; 36) arranged to cause the collecting surface (4) to face the nozzle (3) and the electrostatic emitters (10; 38) in turn.

A fluidized bed spray drying system for drying liquid into powder including an elongated drying chamber, a spray nozzle assembly at an upper end of the drying chamber and a powder collection chamber at a lower end of the drying chamber. A drying gas inlet is provided in the powder collection chamber and a drying gas outlet is provided at an upper end of the drying chamber. A plurality of cylindrical filter elements at the upper end of the drying chamber are in communication with the exhaust gas outlet for filtering drying gas borne powder from drying gas exiting the drying chamber.

Voltage application device includes voltage application circuit. Voltage application circuit causes discharge electrode to generate a discharge by applying an application voltage to load that includes discharge electrode holding liquid. Voltage application circuit periodically changes a magnitude of the application voltage to generate a discharge intermittently. Voltage application circuit applies a maintaining voltage to load for suppressing contraction of liquid in addition to the application voltage during an intermittent period from a discharge to a next discharge.

A nebulizer includes an aerosolizer, a controller, a power converter, a power source and a voltage detector. When the aerosolizer is requested to eject aerosolized liquid at a standard spraying speed, the controller sets a parameter value of a conversion parameter based on a stored standard value, transmits the parameter value to the power converter, and controls the power source to supply electric power. The power converter converts the electric power based on the parameter value to power the aerosolizer. Based on a stored expected value and a detected value generated by the voltage detector in response to operation of the aerosolizer, the controller controls the power source to adjust the voltage of the electric power supplied thereby.

Microfluidic delivery systems for dispensing a fluid composition into the air comprising microfluidic die and at least one heating element that is configured to receive an electrical signal comprising a certain on-time and wave form to deliver a fluid composition into the air.