In slot-die coating, shrinkage of a PVA film when heating after the application of a PVA solution onto an anchor layer formed on the outer surface of a preform for a plastic bottle is suppressed. A leveling agent such as a siloxane is added to the PVA solution.

Water-dispersible or water-dispersed polymers are made by reacting (i) an unsaturated monomer containing one or more cyclic carbonate groups, or (ii) an unsaturated or saturated oligomer or polymer containing a plurality of cyclic carbonate groups, with a tertiary amine in the presence of an acid, or with an acid in the presence of a tertiary amine, or in the presence of an acid and a tertiary amine, to provide a water-dispersible or water-dispersed monomer, oligomer or polymer. When step a) provides a monomer or oligomer, the monomer or oligomer is reacted with one or more monomers in the presence of an initiator to provide a water-dispersible or water-dispersed polymer. When step a) provides a polymer, the polymer is optionally used to support emulsion polymerization of one or more unsaturated monomers in the presence of an initiator to provide a water-dispersible or water-dispersed further polymer.

A method of forming a coating on a food or beverage container, which includes spraying a coating composition onto an interior surface of the food or beverage container, where the coating composition includes a latex copolymer and a metal drier or crosslinking agent. The latex copolymer is a reaction product of monomers that include (a) one or more styrene-offset monomers containing one or more cyclic groups and one or more ethylenically-unsaturated pendant groups, at least a portion of such styrene-offset monomers being polycyclic monomers containing ring unsaturation, and (b) one or more other ethylenically-unsaturated monomers. Preferably, the coating composition is substantially free of BPA, PVC, and styrene. The method may also include curing the sprayed coating composition, thereby providing the coating on the interior surface of the food or beverage container.

An aqueous coating composition is provided that is preferably substantially free of bisphenol A. The coating composition is preferably a latex-based coating composition that includes a latex polymer formed from ingredients including an anionic and/or zwitterionic surfactant that includes one or more acid groups neutralized with a metallic base. The coating composition is useful in coating metal substrates such as, for example, interior and/or exterior surfaces of food or beverage containers.

A pressure vessel for holding fluids includes a tank and a coating disposed on an outer surface of the tank. The tank defines a cavity for holding fluids, and an outer surface of the tank includes a first visual characteristic. The coating includes an indicator layer, an outer layer, and a first intermediate layer. The indicator layer is disposed on the outer surface, the indicator layer including a second visual characteristic that visually contrasts with the first visual characteristic. The outer layer is disposed over the indicator layer, the outer layer including a third visual characteristic that visually contrasts with the second visual characteristic. The first intermediate layer is positioned between the indicator layer and the outer layer, the first intermediate layer being visually transparent or translucent. The disclosure also describes a coating including an indicator layer, an outer layer, and a first intermediate layer.

A method of manufacturing a structural component having tailored material properties by applying an IR-absorbent coating to a substrate formed of a ferrous-based, aluminum-based, magnesium-based, or fiber reinforced composite material is provided. The coating is preferably formed of iron oxide (Fe.sub.3O.sub.4) decorated multiwall carbon nanotubes. Alternatively, the coating is wax-based or polymer-based and includes TriSilanollsooctylt POSS and additives. Different coating compositions may be applied to different zones of the substrate so that the emissivity coefficient varies along the substrate. The coated substrate is heated and formed between a pair of dies to achieve a complex shape or features. The IR-absorbent coating increases the infrared absorption rate during the heating step, which improves formability of the substrate. The iron oxide (Fe.sub.3O.sub.4) decorated multiwall carbon nanotubes can also be applied to an engine component to increase the thermal efficiency of the engine by reducing friction and enabling the use of light weight materials.

The purpose of the present invention is to form a coating film on the entire inner surface of a bottomed cylindrical body while increasing machining resistance of an opening part of the bottomed cylindrical body as less cost. A method according to the present invention comprises: an opening part coating step S1 for spraying an inner area of an opening part of a bottomed cylindrical body with a first coating material while placing the bottomed cylindrical body in a horizontal position and rotating the bottomed cylindrical body around an central axis thereof; a barrel part coating step S3 for spraying, after the opening part coating step S1, an inner area of a barrel part of the bottomed cylindrical body with a second coating material while keeping the horizontal position and rotation around the central axis of the bottomed cylindrical body; and a vaporizing step S4 for stopping, after the barrel part coating step S3 and before the volatile components of the second coating material sprayed onto the inner area of the barrel part of the bottomed cylindrical body vaporizes, the rotation of the bottomed cylindrical body around the central axis, replacing the bottomed cylindrical body from the horizontal position to a vertical position, and vaporizing volatile components of the second coating material. A coating material containing a hardly-sagging synthetic resin which contains higher proportion of non-volatile components is used as the first coating material, and a coating material containing an easily-sagging synthetic resin which contains lower proportion of non-volatile components than that of the first coating material is used as the second coating material.

A process for applying a colored coating on a metal or metal alloy foil wherein one or more layers of a coating composition comprising a pigment are applied to the metal or metal alloy foil, the coated foil is heated to a peak metal temperature of at most 100 C. and thereafter the coated foil is heated to a peak metal temperature of at least 190 C.

A method of forming a coating on a food or beverage container, which includes spraying a coating composition onto an interior surface of the food or beverage container, where the coating composition includes a latex copolymer and a metal drier or crosslinking agent. The latex copolymer is a reaction product of monomers that include (a) one or more styrene-mimicking monomers containing one or more cyclic groups and one or more ethylenically-unsaturated groups, at least a portion of such styrene-mimicking monomers being polycyclic monomers containing ring unsaturation, and (b) one or more other ethylenically-unsaturated monomers. Preferably, the coating composition is substantially free of each of BPA, PVC, other halogenated monomers, and optionally styrene. The method may also include curing the sprayed coating composition, thereby providing the coating on the interior surface of the food or beverage container.

A metallic bottle can including a metallic base material of the bottle shape that has a mouth portion having a threaded portion, a shoulder portion, a body portion and a bottom portion, wherein, on the outer surface of said mouth portion, a finishing varnish layer is provided directly on said metallic base material, and said finishing varnish layer has an MEK extractability of 2 to 8% by mass.