Embodiments of methods of non-destructively testing whether a laminated substrate satisfies structural requirements are disclosed herein. Additionally, laminated substrates that can be non-destructively tested are also disclosed along with methods of manufacturing the same. To non-destructively test whether the laminated substrates satisfies the structural requirement, an electrical characteristic of the laminated substrate may be detected. Since the detected electrical characteristic is related to a structural characteristic being tested, whether the structural characteristic complies with the structural requirement can be determined based on the electrical characteristic.

Provided are a laser-induced ultrasound generator and a method of manufacturing the laser-induced ultrasound generator. The laser-induced ultrasound generator includes: a substrate including a plurality of nanostructures provided on a first surface of the substrate; and a thermoelastic layer provided on the first surface of the substrate, the thermoelastic layer being configured to generate an ultrasound by absorbing a laser beam incident onto a second surface of the substrate, the second surface facing the first surface. The nanostructures may be cylinder-shaped nano-pillars.

Provided are a laser-induced ultrasound generator and a method of manufacturing the laser-induced ultrasound generator. The laser-induced ultrasound generator includes: a substrate including a plurality of nanostructures provided on a first surface of the substrate; and a thermoelastic layer provided on the first surface of the substrate, the thermoelastic layer being configured to generate an ultrasound by absorbing a laser beam incident onto a second surface of the substrate, the second surface facing the first surface. The nanostructures may be cylinder-shaped nano-pillars.

The present disclosure provides methods to integrate piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (pMUT) arrays with an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) using thermocompression or eutectic/solder bonding. In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a device comprising a first substrate and a second substrate, the first substrate comprising a pMUT array and the second substrate comprising an electrical circuit, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are bonded together using thermocompression, wherein any set of individual PMUTs of PMUT array is addressable. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a device comprising a first substrate and a second substrate, the first substrate comprising a pMUT array and the second substrate comprising an electrical circuit, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are bonded together using eutectic or solder bonding, wherein any set of individual PMUTs of the PMUT array is addressable.

An ultrasonic generator with an adjustable ultrasonic focusing depth includes a cartridge housing in which an ultrasound generation portion generating ultrasonic waves is provided, a hand piece in which the cartridge housing is detachably mounted, the hand piece having a first actuator thereinside, and a main shaft to which the ultrasound generation portion is coupled so as to reciprocate in a horizontal direction, parallel to the bottom of the cartridge housing and a vertical direction, perpendicular to the bottom of the cartridge housing. One end of the main shaft is coupled to one end of the first actuator of the hand piece, and an other end of the main shaft is located inside the cartridge housing. The hand piece includes an adjustment portion adjusting an ultrasonic focusing depth of the ultrasound generation portion.

An ultrasonic generator with an adjustable ultrasonic focusing depth includes a cartridge housing in which an ultrasound generation portion generating ultrasonic waves is provided, a hand piece in which the cartridge housing is detachably mounted, the hand piece having a first actuator thereinside, and a main shaft to which the ultrasound generation portion is coupled so as to reciprocate in a horizontal direction, parallel to the bottom of the cartridge housing and a vertical direction, perpendicular to the bottom of the cartridge housing. One end of the main shaft is coupled to one end of the first actuator of the hand piece, and an other end of the main shaft is located inside the cartridge housing. The hand piece includes an adjustment portion adjusting an ultrasonic focusing depth of the ultrasound generation portion.

The present application pertains to two-dimensional ultrasound transducers and systems, methods of making such transducers and systems, and methods for using such transducers and systems including processing of data acquired with such devices and systems.

The present application pertains to two-dimensional ultrasound transducers and systems, methods of making such transducers and systems, and methods for using such transducers and systems including processing of data acquired with such devices and systems.

A substrate cleaning apparatus performs scrub cleaning of a surface of a substrate with an elongated cylindrical roll cleaning member. The substrate cleaning apparatus includes a roll holder for supporting the cleaning member and rotate the roll cleaning member, a vertical movement mechanism for vertically moving the roll holder so that the roll cleaning member applies a roll load to the substrate at the time of cleaning the substrate by actuation of an actuator having a regulating device, a load cell for measuring the roll load, and a controller for performing feedback control of the roll load through the regulating device based on the measured value of the load cell. The substrate cleaning apparatus further includes a monitor unit for monitoring whether an operation amount of the regulating device falls outside an allowable range of a preset reference value of an operation amount corresponding to a preset roll load.

A force generator for introducing vibrational forces into a structure for vibration control of the structure includes an inertial mass, at least one actuator for generating a vibratory movement of the inertial mass relative to the structure, and a drive circuit constructed from components for driving the at least one actuator. At least part of the inertial mass is formed by one component of the drive circuit.