Disclosed herein are mandibular advancement devices comprising an upper splint and a lower splint, where the upper splint comprises one or more upper fins, where each upper fin is located at a distance UD from back of the upper splint; the lower splints comprise one or more lower fins, where each lower fin is located at a distance LD from back of the lower splint; where the position of the upper and lower fins is unchangeable. Also disclosed are methods of reducing partial constriction of airway during sleep for a patient, the method comprising identifying a patient in need thereof; and administering to the patient the disclosed mandibular advancement device. Also disclosed are methods of manufacturing a mandibular advancement device, the method comprising obtaining measurements from a patient's dentition; digitally designing a mandibular advancement device; and milling the mandibular advancement device.

Disclosed herein are mandibular advancement devices comprising an upper splint and a lower splint, where the upper splint comprises one or more upper fins, where each upper fin is located at a distance UD from back of the upper splint; the lower splints comprise one or more lower fins, where each lower fin is located at a distance LD from back of the lower splint; where the position of the upper and lower fins is unchangeable. Also disclosed are methods of reducing partial constriction of airway during sleep for a patient, the method comprising identifying a patient in need thereof; and administering to the patient the disclosed mandibular advancement device. Also disclosed are methods of manufacturing a mandibular advancement device, the method comprising obtaining measurements from a patient's dentition; digitally designing a mandibular advancement device; and milling the mandibular advancement device.

A coated cutting tool for chip forming machining of metals includes a substrate having a surface coated with a chemical vapour deposition (CVD) coating. The substrate is coated with a coating having a layer of α-Al.sub.2O.sub.3, wherein the α-Al.sub.2O.sub.3 layer exhibits a texture coefficient TC(0 0 12)≥7.2 and wherein the ratio of I(0 0 12)/I(0 1 14)≥0.8. The coating further includes a MTCVD TiCN layer located between the substrate and the α-Al.sub.2O.sub.3 layer. The MTCVD TiCN layer exhibits a pole figure, as measured by EBSD, in a portion of the MTCVD TiCN layer parallel to the outer surface of the coating and less than 1 μm from the outer surface of the MTCVD TiCN, wherein a pole plot based on the data of the pole figure, with a bin size of 0.25° over a tilt angle range of 0°≤β≤45° from the normal of the outer surface of the coating shows a ratio of intensity within β≤15° tilt angle to the intensity within 0°≤β≤45° of ≥45%.

A coated cutting tool for chip forming machining of metals includes a substrate having a surface coated with a chemical vapour deposition (CVD) coating. The substrate is coated with a coating having a layer of α-Al.sub.2O.sub.3, wherein the α-Al.sub.2O.sub.3 layer exhibits a texture coefficient TC(0 0 12)≥7.2 and wherein the ratio of I(0 0 12)/I(0 1 14)≥0.8. The coating further includes a MTCVD TiCN layer located between the substrate and the α-Al.sub.2O.sub.3 layer. The MTCVD TiCN layer exhibits a pole figure, as measured by EBSD, in a portion of the MTCVD TiCN layer parallel to the outer surface of the coating and less than 1 μm from the outer surface of the MTCVD TiCN, wherein a pole plot based on the data of the pole figure, with a bin size of 0.25° over a tilt angle range of 0°≤β≤45° from the normal of the outer surface of the coating shows a ratio of intensity within β≤15° tilt angle to the intensity within 0°≤β≤45° of ≥45%.

A housing component includes a flange defining a center point and having an end face formed with microstructures in a first region and a second region to increase a local friction coefficient. The microstructures have each a blade shape with a cutting line, the cutting line in the first region being arranged concentrically about a first local center point, and the cutting line in the second region being arranged concentrically about a second local center point. The first and second local center points have different radial distances from the center point of the flange.

A method for performing a cutting operation on a workpiece is provided. The method comprises providing a workpiece being made of a metal characterized by a thermal conductivity of no greater than about 100 W100 .sup.W/.sub.(m.Math.K) (approximately 57.8 .sup.Btu/.sub.(hr ft ° F.)), providing a cutting device comprising an internal cooling cavity defined on one side thereof by a thin-walled structure, and performing a cutting operation on the workpiece using the cutting device. The cutting speed is no less than about 500 .sup.m/.sub.min. (approximately 1640 .sup.ft/.sub.min).

A machining tool assembly is provided for machining a blank to form a firearm lower receiver. The assembly includes a pair of side plates positionable on opposed sides of the blank to capture the blank therebetween. A template plate having a template aperture is adapted to be removeably attachable to the side plates. The template aperture is aligned with a top surface of the blank and is adapted for machining a cavity within the blank having a peripheral contour complimentary to a peripheral contour of the template aperture. A centering mechanism is adapted to be removeably attachable to the template plate, with the centering mechanism including an opening aligned with a corresponding void formed on the blank to align the blank with the template plate.

Methods and systems for milling and imaging a sample based on multiple fiducials at different sample depths include forming a first fiducial on a first sample surface at a first sample depth; milling at least a portion of the sample surface to expose a second sample surface at a second sample depth; forming a second fiducial on the second sample surface; and milling at least a portion of the second sample surface to expose a third sample surface including a region of interest (ROI) at a third sample depth. The location of the ROI at the third sample depth relative to the first fiducial may be calculated based on an image of the ROI and the second fiducial as well as relative position between the first fiducial and the second fiducial.

Methods and systems for milling and imaging a sample based on multiple fiducials at different sample depths include forming a first fiducial on a first sample surface at a first sample depth; milling at least a portion of the sample surface to expose a second sample surface at a second sample depth; forming a second fiducial on the second sample surface; and milling at least a portion of the second sample surface to expose a third sample surface including a region of interest (ROI) at a third sample depth. The location of the ROI at the third sample depth relative to the first fiducial may be calculated based on an image of the ROI and the second fiducial as well as relative position between the first fiducial and the second fiducial.

A method for producing a diffusion cooling hole extending between a wall having a first wall surface and a second wall surface includes forming a cooling hole inlet at the first wall surface, forming a cooling hole outlet at the second wall surface, forming a metering section downstream from the inlet and forming a multi-lobed diffusing section between the metering section and the outlet. The inlet, outlet, metering section and multi-lobed diffusing section are formed by laser drilling, particle beam machining, fluid jet guided laser machining, mechanical machining, masking and combinations thereof.