Provided herein are screening methods and animal models related to intraocular diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), for example, for identifying candidate therapeutics for treating or preventing eye diseases, such as AMD. Also provided herein are compounds/compositions that are useful for killing or inhibiting the growth of a microorganism, such as Bacillus megaterium. Further provided herein are methods of using the compounds/compositions for treating infections with a microorganism, such as Bacillus megaterium and for treating or preventing diseases or disorders associated with such infections, such as AMD.

Provided herein are screening methods and animal models related to intraocular diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), for example, for identifying candidate therapeutics for treating or preventing eye diseases, such as AMD. Also provided herein are compounds/compositions that are useful for killing or inhibiting the growth of a microorganism, such as Bacillus megaterium. Further provided herein are methods of using the compounds/compositions for treating infections with a microorganism, such as Bacillus megaterium and for treating or preventing diseases or disorders associated with such infections, such as AMD.

Systems and methods for producing organisms that lack one or more undesired traits are disclosed. In some implementations, a method includes obtaining (or producing) a first parent organism of a donor family of breeding stock and obtaining (or producing) a second parent organism from a receptor family of breeding stock. Some implementations of the method include mating the first parent organism with the second parent organism to produce a progeny organism. In some cases, a combination of genetic material from the first parent organism and the second parent organism in the progeny organism prevents development of the undesired trait (or of an organism having the undesired trait). Other implementations are also described.

Systems and methods for producing organisms that lack one or more undesired traits are disclosed. In some implementations, a method includes obtaining (or producing) a first parent organism of a donor family of breeding stock and obtaining (or producing) a second parent organism from a receptor family of breeding stock. Some implementations of the method include mating the first parent organism with the second parent organism to produce a progeny organism. In some cases, a combination of genetic material from the first parent organism and the second parent organism in the progeny organism prevents development of the undesired trait (or of an organism having the undesired trait). Other implementations are also described.

Certain compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof that modulate the activity of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor, including its internalization in a cell, are provided. Certain methods of identifying compounds that increase CB2 receptor internalization are also provided. Certain compounds described herein and pharmaceutical compositions thereof are useful for the treatment of CB2 receptor-mediated disorders, such as: pain, osteoarthritis, liver fibrosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, diabetic neuropathy, endometriosis, and interstitial cystitis.

Certain compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof that modulate the activity of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor, including its internalization in a cell, are provided. Certain methods of identifying compounds that increase CB2 receptor internalization are also provided. Certain compounds described herein and pharmaceutical compositions thereof are useful for the treatment of CB2 receptor-mediated disorders, such as: pain, osteoarthritis, liver fibrosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, diabetic neuropathy, endometriosis, and interstitial cystitis.

The present invention relates to an interleukin-2 receptor gamma (IL2RG) gene-targeting vector, a method for producing an immune cell-deficient transgenic cloned miniature pig having the vector introduced therein, and the use thereof.

An apparatus may include a vessel and a first passageway and a second passageway that connect the vessel to a first release container and a second release container, respectively. A first and a second sensor may be positioned proximate to a first and a second release container, respectively. Each sensor may detect an adult insect passing into the respective release container. A first and second shutter may be positioned in the first passageway and the second passageway, respectively. Each shutter may have an open and a closed position to control access to the respective release container. A computing device may receive a first input signal from the first sensor and a second input signal from the second sensor. The first and second shutter may receive a first output signal and a second output signal, respectively, from the computing device to position the respective shutter in the open or closed position.

Disclosed are materials and methods for creating customizable traits in animals. In the demonstration of the principle of the subject invention, a keratin-14 specific promoter is used with, red fluorescent protein in the loxp cassette, dominant black (G23) beta defensin 103 in the pigment cassette, and an SV40 (with intron) polyadenylation sequence. When Cre recombinase (or HTNCre) is applied to the animal's skin in a carrier base (e.g., lipid bilayers), fur is permanently genetically modified to turn black in the shape in which it was applied.

The present invention provides compositions and methods for detection schemes for ascertaining pregnancy status of an animal. The compositions and methods employ interferon-tau (IFNT) and/or antibodies specific for IFNT. Methods of the present invention detect the presence of IFNT in samples obtained from animals as an early indicator of pregnancy. Methods are provided to identify non-pregnant animals so that management decisions regarding rebreeding can be made earlier compared to existing approaches.