A method of treating bearing rolling elements or bearing rings after a hardening and temper heat treatment is disclosed. The method may include treating the bearing rolling elements in a tumbling treatment and then in a duplex hardening treatment. The method may include treating the bearing rings in a peening treatment and then in a duplex hardening treatment. The duplex hardening treatment may also include at least one sequential process segment consisting of subjecting the bearing rolling element & rings to a nitriding process to increase the surface hardness and compressive residual stress. The combined two-step process produces a deep surface/sub-surface residual stress greater than the depth of the maximum operating von-Mises shear stress along with an ultra-hard surface with high magnitude of compressive residual stress. In so doing, the bearing ring and rolling elements will have significantly enhanced rolling contact fatigue resistance and resistance to surface imperfections and debris.

A method of treating bearing rolling elements or bearing rings after a hardening and temper heat treatment is disclosed. The method may include treating the bearing rolling elements in a tumbling treatment and then in a duplex hardening treatment. The method may include treating the bearing rings in a peening treatment and then in a duplex hardening treatment. The duplex hardening treatment may also include at least one sequential process segment consisting of subjecting the bearing rolling element & rings to a nitriding process to increase the surface hardness and compressive residual stress. The combined two-step process produces a deep surface/sub-surface residual stress greater than the depth of the maximum operating von-Mises shear stress along with an ultra-hard surface with high magnitude of compressive residual stress. In so doing, the bearing ring and rolling elements will have significantly enhanced rolling contact fatigue resistance and resistance to surface imperfections and debris.

The polishing pad is for planarizing at least one of semiconductor, optical and magnetic substrates. The polishing pad includes a cast polyurethane polymeric material formed from a prepolymer reaction of H.sub.12MDI/TDI with polytetramethylene ether glycol to form an isocyanate-terminated reaction product. The isocyanate-terminated reaction product has 8.95 to 9.25 weight percent unreacted NCO and has an NH.sub.2 to NCO stoichiometric ratio of 102 to 109 percent. The isocyanate-terminated reaction product is cured with a 4,4′-methylenebis(2-chlororaniline) curative agent. The cast polyurethane polymeric material, as measured in a non-porous state, having a shear storage modulus, G′ of 250 to 350 MPa as measured with a torsion fixture at 30° C. and 40° C. and a shear loss modulus, G″ of 25 to 30 MPa as measured with a torsion fixture at 40° C. The polishing pad having a porosity of 20 to 50 percent by volume and a density of 0.60 to 0.95 g/cm.sup.3.

A method for manufacturing a metal shell of an electrical connector, includes: S1: providing a tube, where a mating opening is formed at an opening of the tube, for a tongue of a mating connector to be inserted therein; S2: rolling a perimeter of the mating opening inward to form a flanging, where the flanging is configured to guide the mating connecter to enter the tube; and S3: cutting the flanging using laser, so that an aperture of the mating opening is enlarged to a predetermined size. A metal shell manufactured by the above method, and an electrical connector having the metal shell.

A method and apparatus for maintaining integrally bladed rotors (IBR) includes using first vibration data from a IBR vibration apparatus of a first IBR to determine a set of values for a corresponding set of inherent vibratory properties based on a reduced order model for an IBR type to which the first IBR belongs. Shape data indicating an initial shape of a surface of a first blade is used, with repair data that indicates a candidate repair to form a restored shape, to determine a change in a value of an inherent blade section vibratory property of the set of inherent vibratory properties. A condition of the first IBR is determined based at least in part on the change in the value of the inherent blade section vibratory property. The first IBR is maintained based on the condition.

A method and apparatus for maintaining integrally bladed rotors (IBR) includes using first vibration data from a IBR vibration apparatus of a first IBR to determine a set of values for a corresponding set of inherent vibratory properties based on a reduced order model for an IBR type to which the first IBR belongs. Shape data indicating an initial shape of a surface of a first blade is used, with repair data that indicates a candidate repair to form a restored shape, to determine a change in a value of an inherent blade section vibratory property of the set of inherent vibratory properties. A condition of the first IBR is determined based at least in part on the change in the value of the inherent blade section vibratory property. The first IBR is maintained based on the condition.

A semiconductor treatment composition includes particles having a particle size of 0.1 to 0.3 micrometers in a number of 3×10.sup.1 to 1.5×10.sup.3 per mL.

The invention discloses an anodization sealing process for an aluminum or aluminum alloy element for vehicles, including the steps for rinsing with pure water, electrolysis, rinsing once again, electrical deposition sealing, rinsing with pure water several times and baking. The aluminum or aluminum alloy element for vehicles obtained thus has improved alkali resistance and erosion resistance.

The invention discloses an anodization sealing process for an aluminum or aluminum alloy element for vehicles, including the steps for rinsing with pure water, electrolysis, rinsing once again, electrical deposition sealing, rinsing with pure water several times and baking. The aluminum or aluminum alloy element for vehicles obtained thus has improved alkali resistance and erosion resistance.

A method for surface treating a golf club head, includes: (a) forming a depression unit in the golf club head, the depression unit being indented inwardly from an outer surface of the golf club head, the outer surface being divided into a working area and a non-working area, the depression unit being formed in the working area; (b) filling the depression unit with a shielding material and covering the non-working area with a covering material; and (c) sandblasting the golf club head after step (b) and removing subsequently the shielding material from the depression unit and the covering material from the non-working area so as to form the working area into sandblasted and non-sandblasted regions that differ in gloss intensity.