An embodiment is directed to a multi-layer contact plate configured to establish electrical bonds to battery cells in a battery module. The multi-layer contact plate includes two or more primary conductive layers (e.g., Al, Cu, etc.), and a cell terminal connection layer (e.g., steel, Al, Cu, etc.) that is joined with, and sandwiched by, the two or more primary conductive layers. A portion of the cell terminal connection layer is configured to form a set of bonding connectors (e.g., bonding ribbons) to provide a direct electrical bond between the multi-layer contact plate and terminals (e.g., positive terminals, negative terminals, or a combination thereof) of at least one group of battery cells (e.g., a single group of battery cells, two groups of battery cells that are connected in series, etc.).

A positive electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries disclosed herein comprises a lithium transition metal oxide of a layered structure, represented by formula Li.sub.1+Ni.sub.xCo.sub.yMn.sub.zCa.sub.M.sub.O.sub.2 (where 0.050.2, x+y+z++1, 0.3x0.7, 0.1y0.4, 0.1z0.4, 0.00020.0025, 0.0002+0.02, and in a case where >0, M is absent or represents one, two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Na, Mg, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta and W). The tap density of the positive electrode active material ranges from 1.8 to 2.5 g/cm.sup.3.

The present disclosure provides a shell, a battery module and a battery pack. The shell according to the present disclosure comprises: an enclosing frame which has two side walls, a top wall, a bottom wall and a receiving cavity; two end plates which respectively securely connect with the two ends of the enclosing frame. And each side wall is formed with a fixing rib protruding outwardly along a width direction, the fixing rib is provided with at least one through hole. A battery module comprises the above-mentioned shell. A battery pack according to the present disclosure comprises: a lower casing; the plurality of above-mentioned battery modules received in the lower casing; and a plurality of fasteners, each fastener passes through the corresponding through hole of the battery module to secure the battery module in the lower casing.

A bus bar module includes a plurality of bus bars in which a plurality of battery cells of a battery assembly electrically connect to each other, a plurality of electric wires electrically connected to the plurality of bus bars, and an electric wire routing structure that accommodates the plurality of electric wires. The electric wire routing structure includes a plurality of electric wire routing grooves formed in an upwardly opening gutter shape and disposed along an overlapping direction of the plurality of battery cells, and a plurality of lids connected to first side walls of the plurality of electric wire routing grooves via hinges so as to be rotatable and covering the plurality of electric wire routing grooves so as to block groove openings of the plurality of electric wire routing grooves, respectively.

An object of the present invention is to provide a separator maintaining high rate characteristics and enabling suppression of short circuit. The object is achieved by a separator comprising a substrate having an inner surface and an outer surface, and inorganic particles presented on the outer surface and the inner surface of the substrate, wherein the substrate has a porosity of 55% or more and a mean flow pore size of 30 m or less, the inorganic particles have an average particle size of 1.0 to 4.0 m, and the inorganic particles comprises 40% by volume or less of particles having a particle size of 1.0 m or less and 30 to 75% by volume of particles having a particle size of 2.0 m or more.

A heat exchanger for a battery unit having at least a first battery module and a second battery module is disclosed wherein the first and second battery modules each include a plurality of battery cell containers each housing at least one battery cell. The first and second battery modules are spaced apart from each other with the heat exchanger being arranged between the spaced apart first and second battery modules. The heat exchanger is a laminated plate structure defining a plurality of fluid flow chambers each located within a respective fluid flow region for transmitting a heat exchanger fluid. Each of the fluid flow regions is dimensionally compliant independent of the other fluid flow regions to conform to the spacing of the respective battery cell containers in the first and second modules between which the specific fluid flow region is positioned when arranged between the first and second battery modules.

The fuel cell vehicle includes a fuel cell placed in a front room, an air compressor placed below the fuel cell in the front room to supply the fuel cell with cathode gas, and a refrigerant supply pump placed below the fuel cell in the front room to supply the fuel cell with a refrigerant. The refrigerant supply pump is placed forward of the air compressor.

A battery component includes a polymer frame having at least one window, the polymer frame having a first planar side and an opposite second planar side, and a window edge between the first and second planar sides. The battery component also has a battery cell component having a separator and bipolar current collector, the battery cell component being attached to the frame, the separator or bipolar current collector being attached to the first planar side or the window edge. A battery stack, a method for handling the battery component as an individual unit are also provided, electric vehicle battery and electric vehicle are also provided.

A terminal-equipped electrical wire includes an electrical wire and a terminal that is connected to the electrical wire. The terminal includes a metal cap portion in which one end portion of a tubular portion that has a tubular shape is sealed and another end portion is an opening portion. The terminal is connected to the electrical wire in a state where the cap portion is placed over an end portion of the electrical wire. An edge portion of the opening portion has an increased width in the diameter direction of the tubular portion.

A secondary battery includes an electrode assembly including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, a cap assembly electrically connected to the first electrode, a case accommodating the electrode assembly therein, the case having an opening in which the cap assembly is inserted, a first insulator between the cap assembly and the case, and a second insulator between the first insulator and the cap assembly. In the secondary battery, the second insulator has a higher melting point than the first insulator, thereby improving durability.