A method of using a multi-layer biocidal structure includes providing a multi-layer biocidal structure that includes a support and a structured bi-layer on or over the support. The structured bi-layer includes a first cured layer including dispersed multiple biocidal particles on or over the support and a second cured layer on or over the first cured layer on a side of the first cured layer opposite the support. The multiple biocidal particles are dispersed within only the first curable layer. The structured bi-layer has at least one depth greater than the thickness of the second layer. The multi-layer biocidal structure is located on a surface.

A magnesium-oxide wall tile for use in a modular wall system includes a plurality of layers. The plurality of layers includes an inner core comprising magnesium-oxide and having a length and a height and a front face and a back face. The plurality of layers also includes a thermofoil layer disposed over at least one face of the inner core.

A magnesium-oxide wall tile for use in a modular wall system includes a plurality of layers. The plurality of layers includes an inner core comprising magnesium-oxide and having a length and a height and a front face and a back face. The plurality of layers also includes a thermofoil layer disposed over at least one face of the inner core.