Disclosed is a calibration object for an x-ray system and an optical system, the calibration object comprising: a first part made of a first material having a matte surface, the first material having a first attenuation coefficient of x-rays; a second part made of a second material having a second attenuation coefficient of x-rays different from the attenuation coefficient of the first material; wherein the first part is attached to the second part so that one or more features are detectable by one or more optical cameras.

According to the present invention, a surface of a prepreg (104), said surface being provided with a partially fused structure (102A), and a surface of a metal member (110) are brought into contact with each other, and heat and pressure are subsequently applied thereto. After completely melting a resin containing a thermoplastic resin and adhering to the prepreg (104) so that a reinforcing fiber substrate (101) is impregnated with the molten resin, the resin is cured to obtain a matrix resin (105), thereby forming a CFRP layer (120) that serves as a fiber-reinforced resin material, and the CFRP layer is simultaneously compression-bonded to the metal member (110), so that a metal-CFRP composite body (100) in which the CFRP layer (120) and the metal member (110) are firmly bonded to each other is formed.

A composite workpiece having at least one metallic cover layer and a non-metallic core layer is disclosed. The metallic cover layer and the non-metallic core layer are connected to one another, with one lying on top of the other. The metallic cover layer, in a marking region on a side facing toward the non-metallic core layer, includes a profile, in particular a surface profile, for marking the composite workpiece.

Examples of forming metal composites are described herein. In an example, a metal sheet is formed into a predetermined shape using superplastic thermal forming technique. Further, a carbon fiber-reinforced polymer sheet is shaped into the predetermined shape by thermal forming. The metal sheet and the carbon fiber-reinforced polymer sheet are coupled by applying an adhesive between the metal sheet and the carbon fiber-reinforced polymer sheet, to form a metal composite.

A biaxially drawn colored polyester film includes at least two layers: a surface layer (layer A) mainly composed of polyester having a melting point TmA of 230 to 260° C. and modified polyolefin wax, layer A having a polymer component with intrinsic viscosity of 0.46 or more, the modified polyolefin wax with an amount of 0.2 wt % or more based on the weight of the composition, coloring pigment with an amount of 10 wt % or less, and a water contact angle of less than 70° on an outer surface; and a substrate layer (layer B) mainly composed of polyester having a melting point TmB of 230 to 260° C. and coloring pigment, layer B having a polymer component with intrinsic viscosity of 0.46 or more and the coloring pigment with an amount of more than 10 wt % and 50 wt % or less; wherein |TmB−TmA| is 4° C. or less.

A non-combustible heating-type smoking article includes: a tobacco filler; and a wrapper enclosing the tobacco filler. The wrapper includes: a substrate sheet made of metal; a first sheet made of paper and bonded to one surface of the substrate sheet on a side of the tobacco filler; and a second sheet made of paper and bonded to one other surface of the substrate sheet on a side opposite to the one surface.

A profile (e.g. an extrusion profile such as a monoextrusion or co-extrusion profile), for a door and/or window part may include a metal layer of less than 1.0 mm thickness laminated at least partially to an outer side of the profile using an adhesive.

An alloy ribbon that is an alloy ribbon containing a metal as a main component, and has a recess on at least one principal surface, in which a depth of the recess is 5% or more and 75% or less of an average thickness.

A vacuum insulating glazing unit (VIGU) comprises two or more glass lites (panes) spaced apart from one another and hermetically bonded to an edge seal assembly therebetween. The resulting cavity between the lites is evacuated to create at least one insulating vacuum cavity within which are disposed a plurality of stand-off members to maintain separation between the lites. The edge seal assembly is preferably compliant in the longitudinal (i.e., edgewise) direction to allow longitudinal relative motion between the two lites (e.g., from thermal expansion). The longitudinal compliance may be obtained by imprinting a three-dimensional pattern into the edge seal material. The edge seal assembly is preferably bonded to the lites with a first bond portion that is hermetic and a second bond portion that is load-resistant. Methods for producing VIGUs and/or compliant edge seal assemblies and VIGU and edge seal apparatus are disclosed.

A metal-on-ceramic substrate comprises a ceramic layer, a first metal layer, and a bonding layer joining the ceramic layer to the first metal layer. The bonding layer includes thermoplastic polyimide adhesive that contains thermally conductive particles. This permits the substrate to withstand most common die attach operations, reduces residual stress in the substrate, and simplifies manufacturing processes.