A shingle includes a substrate having an asphalt coating on a top surface of the substrate and on a bottom surface of the substrate. A surface layer of granules is embedded in the asphalt on the top surface of the substrate. A backdust layer of particles is embedded in the asphalt on the bottom surface of the substrate. A sealant is disposed on the backdust. A hydrophobic material is applied to the sealant.

Materials and methods for mitigating passive intermodulation. A membrane for reducing passive intermodulation includes a first polymeric layer, a second polymeric layer, and a continuous metal layer encapsulated between the first and second polymeric layers. A self-adhesive radio frequency barrier tape includes a waterproof polymeric top layer, a metal-containing layer adhered by an adhesive layer to the polymeric top layer, a pressure sensitive adhesive layer adhered to the metal-containing layer, and a release liner on a bottom surface of the pressure sensitive adhesive layer. A method of mitigating passive intermodulation includes passing a probe over an area of interest, the probe being sensitive to an intermodulation frequency of interest, and identifying a suspected source of passive intermodulation when the amplitude of the probe output exceeds a threshold at the frequency of interest. The method further includes covering the suspected passive intermodulation source with a radio frequency barrier material.

The retention of roofing granules on bituminous roofing products is enhanced by providing an adherent material in the interstices between the exterior surface of the roofing granules and the exposed upper surface of the base sheet.

Disclosed is a multiple layer substrate that can be used with a top asphalt applicator that eliminates the need for a bottom asphalt applicator and fines applied to the bottom asphalt layer. A low porosity or impermeable bottom layer prevents the flow of asphalt applied to the porous top layers of the substrate from penetrating the bottom surface. This eliminates the need for fines to prevent sticking of shingles in a shingle stack. In addition, substrate layers that combine fiberglass and polyester fibers in various configurations provide a substrate that can be used in typical shingle manufacturing and manufacturing of waterproofing products that is impact resistant.

Disclosed is impact resistant roofing that utilizes a heavy glass mat substrate having a weight of at least 3.0 lbs/csf that meets high impact resistance roofing standards. The impact resistant roofing utilizes a heavy glass mat that is embedded between two layers of asphalt. The impact resistant roofing can be manufactured on standard, existing roofing lines without modification.

A method of making a laminated shingle is provided. The method includes coating a shingle mat with roofing asphalt to make an asphalt-coated sheet, adhering a reinforcement member to a portion of the asphalt-coated sheet, covering the asphalt-coated sheet, and optionally covering the reinforcement member, with granules to make a granule-covered sheet, dividing the granule-covered sheet into an overlay sheet and an underlay sheet, wherein the overlay sheet has a tab portion normally exposed on a roof and a headlap portion normally covered-up on a roof, the headlap portion having a lower zone adjacent the tab portion and an upper zone adjacent the lower zone, and wherein the reinforcement member is adhered to the lower zone of the headlap portion and laminating the overlay sheet and the underlay sheet to make the laminated shingle.

An asphalt shingle manufacturing machine that includes a curtain die for applying a liquid release layer on an asphalt coated substrate. The moisture of the liquid release layer evaporates leaving a dispersed solid particulate release layer. The curtain die includes a first body section and a second body section with a shim disposed between the body sections to define a distribution channel. The second body section may include chamber manifold defined therein to store a volume of liquid release agent. The distribution channel places the chamber manifold in fluid communication with a discharge outlet of the curtain die in order to disperse a volume of liquid release agent from a chamber manifold out of the discharge outlet. The shim may be configured to define a width of the distribution channel to determine the flow rate and discharge pattern of the liquid release agent.

Diecuts are configured for permanent closing of holes and have a carrier comprising an assembly of at least two polymeric films. An upper film of the at least two polymeric films has a basis weight of at least 1.0 kg/m.sup.2 and a lower film of the at least two polymeric films consisting of at least two layers, wherein a first layer is in the form of a polymeric film and faces the upper film, and a second layer is in the form of a functional layer with a side of the lower film, facing away from the upper film, bears an applied adhesive composition.

A shingle including a fibrous substrate that reduces or prevents asphalt bleed through is provided. The fibrous substrate has a top surface and a bottom surface opposed to the top surface. Asphalt coating is applied to the top surface of the fibrous substrate. The fibrous substrate includes fibers having a diameter of 3.5 microns to 30 microns and a length of 3.175 mm ( inch) to 50.8 mm (2 inches). In addition, the fibrous substrate has (i) a basis weight of 39.05 g/m.sup.2 (0.8 lb/100 ft.sup.2) to 134.3 g/m.sup.2 (2.75 lb/100 ft.sup.2) and/or (ii) a thickness of 0.381 mm (15 mils) to 1.143 mm (45 mils). A ratio of the amount of asphalt coating on the bottom surface to the amount of asphalt coating on the top surface is from 0:1 to 1:5.

A prefabricated modified bitumen waterproofing membrane includes a middle layer formed of a non-woven polyester and/or fiberglass reinforcement fabric, an upper layer and a bottom layer of bitumen asphalt modified with SBS (Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene), APP (Atactic Polypropylene) or TPO (Thermoplastic Polyolefin) polymers, aluminum flakes on a top surface of the upper layer, and polyolefin film covering the bottom layer. In a preferred embodiment, the aluminum flakes having a size ranging between 0.508 mm to 2.032 mm in length, 0.508 mm to 1.016 mm in width and 0.02 mm to 0.03 mm in thickness. The top surface, with aluminum flakes applied thereto, has a Solar Reflective Index (SRI) equal to or greater than 73, a reflectance of at least 0.72 and a thermal emittance of at least 0.18.