Methods disclosed herein provide for an environmentally-friendly approach that employ citric extracts from fruits as unique reducing and stabilizing agents for making a tellurium nanomaterial. A particular method of making a tellurium nanomaterial includes combining citrus fruit extract with a tellurium salt to form a mixture of citrus fruit extract and dissolved tellurium salt; and heating the mixture of citrus fruit extract and dissolved tellurium salt, thereby making the tellurium nanomaterial. The resulting nanoparticles exhibit enhanced and desirable biomedical properties toward treatment of both infectious diseases and cancer.

The invention relates to adjuvant compositions which contain a) one or more polyalkylene glycol sulfate salts or polyalkylene glycol sulfonate salts, b) water, and c) one or more electrolytes dissociated into ions. Said adjuvant compositions can be preferably used combined with pharmaceutical active ingredients, agrochemical active ingredients, biocides or repellents which have a high electrolyte content.

The invention relates to adjuvant compositions which contain a) one or more polyalkylene glycol sulfate salts or polyalkylene glycol sulfonate salts, b) water, and c) one or more electrolytes dissociated into ions. Said adjuvant compositions can be preferably used combined with pharmaceutical active ingredients, agrochemical active ingredients, biocides or repellents which have a high electrolyte content.

Compositions and methods for cleaning and decontaminating animal carcasses are disclosed. The compositions comprise a mud ball remover having a thioglycolate salt and a base and an antimicrobial agent effective to remove mud balls and reduce microbial contamination of a hide surface at ambient temperatures. The methods comprise cleaning and decontaminating an animal carcass by applying the disclosed compositions onto the surface of the animal carcass to soften and loosen foreign debris attached to the carcass followed by mechanically removing the foreign debris while preserving the integrity and quality of the hide byproduct and resulting leather articles.

Disclosed is a method for synthesizing an antimicrobial base. The method comprises treating a Silver salt in a reaction mixture. The method further comprises adding one or more reactants to the reaction mixture in a pre-defined ratio. Further, the method comprises heating the reaction mixture at a first temperature between 45° C. to 90° C. for a first period of 5 to 8 hours. Furthermore, the method comprises stabilizing the conversion by adding a ligand and a stabilizing agent. Subsequently, the method comprises digesting the reaction mixture at a second temperature between 45° C. to 65° C. for a period of 2 to 4 hours to form an end product. Finally, the method comprises filtering the reaction mixture. The sub-micron particle forms a dispersion containing the colloidal silver particles (Ag.sup.0), thereby forming the antimicrobial base.

Disclosed is a method for synthesizing an antimicrobial base. The method comprises treating a Silver salt in a reaction mixture. The method further comprises adding one or more reactants to the reaction mixture in a pre-defined ratio. Further, the method comprises heating the reaction mixture at a first temperature between 45° C. to 90° C. for a first period of 5 to 8 hours. Furthermore, the method comprises stabilizing the conversion by adding a ligand and a stabilizing agent. Subsequently, the method comprises digesting the reaction mixture at a second temperature between 45° C. to 65° C. for a period of 2 to 4 hours to form an end product. Finally, the method comprises filtering the reaction mixture. The sub-micron particle forms a dispersion containing the colloidal silver particles (Ag.sup.0), thereby forming the antimicrobial base.

The invention relates to compositions and methods of treatment employing compositions comprising polyelectrolyte complexes. The compositions include a water-soluble first polyelectrolyte bearing a net cationic charge or capable of developing a net cationic charge and a water-soluble second polyelectrolyte bearing a net anionic charge or capable of developing a net anionic charge. The total polyelectrolyte concentration of the first solution is at least 110 millimolar. The composition is free of coacervates, precipitates, latex particles, synthetic block copolymers, silicone copolymers, cross-linked poly(acrylic) and cross-linked water-soluble polyelectrolyte. The composition may be a concentrate, to be diluted prior to use to treat a surface.

The invention relates to compositions and methods of treatment employing compositions comprising polyelectrolyte complexes. The compositions include a water-soluble first polyelectrolyte bearing a net cationic charge or capable of developing a net cationic charge and a water-soluble second polyelectrolyte bearing a net anionic charge or capable of developing a net anionic charge. The total polyelectrolyte concentration of the first solution is at least 110 millimolar. The composition is free of coacervates, precipitates, latex particles, synthetic block copolymers, silicone copolymers, cross-linked poly(acrylic) and cross-linked water-soluble polyelectrolyte. The composition may be a concentrate, to be diluted prior to use to treat a surface.

The invention relates to a process for reducing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a biocide against at least one strain of bacteria and/or at least one strain of yeast and/or at least one strain of mould in an aqueous preparation. The invention further relates to the use of a water soluble source of lithium ions for reducing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a biocide against at least one strain of bacteria and/or at least one strain of yeast and/or at least one strain of mould in an aqueous preparation.

The invention relates to a process for reducing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a biocide against at least one strain of bacteria and/or at least one strain of yeast and/or at least one strain of mould in an aqueous preparation. The invention further relates to the use of a water soluble source of lithium ions for reducing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a biocide against at least one strain of bacteria and/or at least one strain of yeast and/or at least one strain of mould in an aqueous preparation.