Methods and systems for inhibiting the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms on organic biomass waste products without the need for pasteurization are described. The methods and systems allow conversion of organic waste into nutrient-rich fertilizers in a safe and efficient manner.

An aqueous solution composition containing a co-hydrolysate or a co-hydrolytic condensate of an organosilicon compound of formula (1) and an organosilicon compound of formula (2), or both the co-hydrolysate and the co-hydrolytic condensate:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 is an alkyl group having 12 to 24 carbon atoms, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, X is a halogen atom, m is an integer of 1 to 20, and n is an integer of 1 to 3.

An aqueous solution composition containing a hydrolysate or a hydrolytic condensate of an organosilicon compound of formula (1), or both the hydrolysate and the hydrolytic condensate:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 is an alkyl group having 12 to 24 carbon atoms, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, X is a halogen atom, m is an integer of 4 to 20, and n is an integer of 1 to 3.

A biocide blend can be used in an oil or gas operation. The biocide blend can include a first biocide of a formaldehyde-releasing biocide and a second biocide of a quaternary ammonium compound. The formaldehyde-releasing biocide can release formaldehyde after introduction into a wellbore. The first and second biocide can possess at least one property that is the same. The first biocide and/or the second biocide can maintain biocidal activity for extended periods of time in high salinity wellbore fluids, be thermally stable, and less expensive than other biocides.

The inactivation of BK virus in patients diagnosed with BK virus, those receiving a kidney that is infected or suspected of being infected by BK virus, or in the transplanted kidney before, during, and/or after transplant surgery is described.

A glass includes from 42 mol % to 47 mol % P.sub.2O.sub.5, from 42 mol % to 48 mol % CuO, and from greater than 0 mol % to 15 mol % Fe.sub.2O.sub.3. The glass is an amorphous, single-phase glass. Methods of making a glass article include heating batch materials to a melting temperature from 900° C. to 1350° C. In aspects, methods include pouring the molten glass in an inert gaseous environment, and cooling the molten glass in the inter gaseous environment. In aspects, methods include cooling the molten glass to form the glass article and annealing the glass article without growing crystals in or on the glass article during the cooling or the annealing.

A glass includes from 42 mol % to 47 mol % P.sub.2O.sub.5, from 42 mol % to 48 mol % CuO, and from greater than 0 mol % to 15 mol % Fe.sub.2O.sub.3. The glass is an amorphous, single-phase glass. Methods of making a glass article include heating batch materials to a melting temperature from 900° C. to 1350° C. In aspects, methods include pouring the molten glass in an inert gaseous environment, and cooling the molten glass in the inter gaseous environment. In aspects, methods include cooling the molten glass to form the glass article and annealing the glass article without growing crystals in or on the glass article during the cooling or the annealing.

A composition, comprising a solvent and a compound selected from antimicrobial compounds or antiviral compounds. The compound is soluble in the solvent and/or emulsifiable in the solvent. The solvent and the compound are present in the composition at concentrations such that the composition are non-toxic to humans, dogs, and cats. The composition is capable of being applied onto a surface.

Solid low foaming and low pH all-purpose cleaning and disinfectant compositions are disclosed. The solid disinfectant compositions comprise approximately 50% w/w to approximately 75% w/w of citric acid encapsulated by a binder and approximately 1% to approximately 5.5% w/w of sodium benzoate. The solid cleaning and disinfectant compositions comprise approximately 50% w/w to approximately 75% w/w of citric acid encapsulated by a binder; approximately 1% to approximately 5.5% w/w of sodium benzoate; and approximately 10% w/w to approximately 15% w/w of sodium lauryl sulfate. The solid compositions are dissolved in water to produce a disinfectant solution comprising approximately 1.2% w/v to approximately 2% w/v citric acid and approximately 0.083% w/v to approximately 0.15% w/v sodium benzoate. A 10 minute contact time with the disinfectant solution provides a 5 log.sub.10 reduction in Staphylococcus aureus on a surface.

A composition comprising a doubly conjugated chitosan polymer or oligomer, and a functionalized metal work piece including the doubly conjugated chitosan polymer or oligomer.