A power electronics converter includes a multi-layer planar carrier substrate having a plurality of electrically conductive layers, at least one electrical connection, and a converter commutation cell comprising a power circuit and a gate driver circuit. The power circuit includes at least one power semiconductor switching element and at least one capacitor. Each power semiconductor switching element is included in a power semiconductor prepackage having one or more power semiconductor switching elements embedded in a solid insulating material. The power electronics converter includes a heat sink configured to remove heat from the power semiconductor prepackage. A converter parameter η is greater than or 20 equal to 100 kW/m3K, η being defined as a heat transfer coefficient between the heat removal side of the power semiconductor prepackage and a cooling medium of the heat sink divided by the size of a gap between the power semiconductor prepackage and the heat sink.

A circuit arrangement discharges at least one energy store charged to a high voltage in a motor vehicle. The circuit arrangement includes a discharge circuit which is connected in parallel with the energy store and contains an auxiliary microcontroller for actuating the discharge circuit. The auxiliary microcontroller can be operated with a low voltage of 3-5 volts and contains a first voltage supply circuit for supplying the auxiliary microcontroller with the low voltage of 3-5 volts, which first voltage supply circuit is fed from a buffer capacitor with a voltage of 10-15 volts. The circuit arrangement further contains a main microcontroller, which is configured to actuate the auxiliary microcontroller so that the latter actuates the discharge circuit.

An aircraft that includes a fuselage, an electric motor driven propulsion system, and a fuel cell system configured to provide electricity to the electric motor. The fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, a hydrogen tank, an oxygen tank, an air channel, and a cathode switch. The cathode switch being configured to convert between an air mode, wherein the fuel cell operates utilizing air from the air channel, and an oxygen mode, wherein the fuel cell operates utilizing oxygen from the oxygen tank.

An aircraft that includes a fuselage, an electric motor driven propulsion system, and a fuel cell system configured to provide electricity to the electric motor. The fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, a hydrogen tank, an oxygen tank, an air channel, and a cathode switch. The cathode switch being configured to convert between an air mode, wherein the fuel cell operates utilizing air from the air channel, and an oxygen mode, wherein the fuel cell operates utilizing oxygen from the oxygen tank.

A method for operating a motor vehicle with a cooling system for cooling a traction battery may include receiving trip data representative of a planned route, reading in operating parameters of the traction battery, evaluating the trip data and the operating parameters to determine a set of data representative of a forecast temperature profile of the battery temperature, evaluating the set of data for the forecast temperature profile of the battery temperature to determine a phase of particularly high demand for cooling output while completing the route, buffer-storing (reducing) thermal energy while traveling the planned route by operating or increasing operation of the cooling system in anticipation of the high battery load to utilize heat storage capacity of the traction battery before the phase of particularly high cooling output demand.

A vehicle (100) includes a battery (2), an air conditioner (AC), a first temperature adjustment circuit (4) including a first pump (EWP1) configured to supply a heat medium to the battery (2) and a chiller (11), a second temperature adjustment circuit (6) including a second pump (EWP2) configured to supply the heat medium to a power conversion device (5) and a radiator (12), a coupling passage (8, 9) configured to connect the first temperature adjustment circuit (4) and the second temperature adjustment circuit (6) to form a coupling circuit (7), an electromagnetic switching valve (EWV) configured to switch between a circulation state in which the heat medium can circulate through the coupling circuit (7) and a non-circulation state in which the heat medium cannot circulate through the coupling circuit (7), a first temperature sensor (S1) configured to acquire a temperature of the battery (2), and a control device (10) configured to select a mode based on at least the temperature of the battery (2). The control device (10) performs a control based on a basic control map (MapI) after selecting a series mode of a special control map (MapII).

A method for managing the energy supplied by a hybrid power plant for propelling a rotorcraft, the hybrid power plant comprising two heat engines, two electric motors and an electrical energy source. The method includes a step of acquiring at least one first characteristic of the electrical energy source and/or the electric motors and a step of determining a mechanical power requirement of the rotorcraft. The method then includes a step of determining a first power distribution between each heat engine and electric motor as a function of the first characteristic and the mechanical power requirement of the rotorcraft, then a step of controlling each heat engine and electric motor according to several operating modes, including a distributed operating mode applying the first power distribution.

An apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a primary power supply (PPS) configured to supply primary power, a PPS sensor configured to measure the power supplied by the PPS and provide a PPS measurement signal indicating an amount of the power supplied by the PPS, a backup power supply (BPS) configured to be provided in an emergency data system and further configured to supply backup power to a modem, and an integrated circuit configured to maintain a clock using the power supplied by the PPS. The integrated circuit is configured to receive the PPS measurement signal from the PPS sensor, determine whether the PPS measurement signal falls below a threshold, and maintain the clock using the power supplied by the BPS in response to a determination that the PPS measurement signal has fallen below the threshold.

According to one aspect, energy management or battery pack distribution may be achieved by receiving a location associated with a portable battery dispensing vehicle which carries or stocks modular battery replacement packs for electric vehicles, determining a location of a mobile device associated with the system for energy management, displaying the location associated with the portable battery dispensing vehicle and the location associated with the mobile device, receiving a request associated with a purchase of one of the modular battery replacement packs carried by the portable battery dispensing vehicle, and generating an instruction to credit an associated account with a virtual energy credit based on the request associated with the purchase of one or more of the modular battery replacement packs.

According to one aspect, energy management or battery pack distribution may be achieved by receiving a location associated with a portable battery dispensing vehicle which carries or stocks modular battery replacement packs for electric vehicles, determining a location of a mobile device associated with the system for energy management, displaying the location associated with the portable battery dispensing vehicle and the location associated with the mobile device, receiving a request associated with a purchase of one of the modular battery replacement packs carried by the portable battery dispensing vehicle, and generating an instruction to credit an associated account with a virtual energy credit based on the request associated with the purchase of one or more of the modular battery replacement packs.