The present disclosure relates to an inner panel for a vehicle bonnet. The inner panel comprises a peripheral portion, extending along at least a portion of a periphery of the inner panel, and a central portion, located within the peripheral portion. The central portion has a longitudinal extension and a transverse extension. The central portion comprises a reinforcing framework, a portion of which forms an arch-shaped member. A longitudinal extension of the arch-shaped member is equal to or greater than 30% of the longitudinal extension of the inner panel. A transverse extension of the arch-shaped member is equal to or greater than 40% of the transverse extension of the inner panel. The disclosure further relates to a bonnet comprising such an inner panel and an outer panel.

An apparatus comprises a vehicle door closeout panel. The closeout panel comprises a pelvis bolster having a plurality of load points. Each load point is determined based on a respective one of a plurality of vehicle seat track positions and is configured to receive a respective load determined according to the seat track position by which the load point was determined.

A vehicle-body front structure includes vehicle-body side structural members extending in a front-rear direction of a vehicle body at both sides of the vehicle body, a power train arranged between the vehicle-body side structural members at the both sides of the vehicle body, and a load transmission member attached to at least one of the vehicle-body side structural members or the power train with at least part of the load transmission member located outside the vehicle-body side structural members in a vehicle width direction of the vehicle body. The load transmission member is configured to transmit at least part of impact load received from an obstacle in front of the vehicle body to the vehicle body via the power train.

A vehicle body reinforcing structure for coping with a front collision may include a cowl panel extended in a width direction of a vehicle, cowl side upper members coupled to front end portions of both sides of the cowl panel in the width direction of the vehicle and extended in a length direction of the vehicle, fender apron upper members extended in the length direction of the vehicle and coupled to front end portions of a front of the cowl side upper members in the length direction of the vehicle, and side outer panels extended in a height direction of the vehicle and connected to the front end portions of both sides of the cowl panel in the width direction of the vehicle and the cowl side upper members.

A restraint device includes an elongated main body having a top end, a bottom end, a first side edge, a second side edge and a middle section. The main body is constructed from a malleable material with the middle section aligned with the chest of a person on a seat and the side edges being positioned along the back of the seat. A first connector connects the side edges together with the main body encompassing the person and the seat. A pair of dynamic tensioning straps impart a tension force onto the main body to immobilize the person onto the seat. A waist strap extends from the front of the main body, beneath the seat, and engages the back of the main body, and a pair of buckles engage the seatbelt buckles of the seat.