Provided herein are transit systems for travel overhead of streets, having: at least a first vehicle and a second vehicle; a main track on which the vehicles travel, the main track having a suspended overhead rail over the streets by a support structure, such that the vehicles travel at an elevated level overhead of street level; docking stations for the vehicles to lower to the street level for loading and/or unloading passengers and/or cargo; a two-position switch at each docking station, having cables enabling vertical movement of the vehicle, and a replacement track; wherein the two-position switch allows for docking of the first vehicle while the second vehicle passes the docked first vehicle, by enabling lowering of the first vehicle from the elevated level to the street level, and the replacement track providing a track portion for the second vehicle on which to pass the first vehicle.

A rail system includes a main track, a spur track connected to the main track by a switch changeable between a closed state and an open state, and a station spaced from the main track and accessible by the spur track. The rail system further includes a train with a passenger car and an EMDI releasably coupleable behind the passenger car. A method of operating the rail system includes decoupling the EMDI from the passenger car when the train is moving at a first speed toward the switch in the closed state. The EMDI is decelerated to a second speed less than the first speed. After the train has moved past the switch and the switch has been changed to the open state, the EMDI is diverted from the main track to the spur track via the switch in the open state and decelerated to a stop at the station.

A rail system includes a main track, a spur track connected to the main track by a switch changeable between a closed state and an open state, and a station spaced from the main track and accessible by the spur track. The rail system further includes a train with a passenger car and an EMDI releasably coupleable behind the passenger car. A method of operating the rail system includes decoupling the EMDI from the passenger car when the train is moving at a first speed toward the switch in the closed state. The EMDI is decelerated to a second speed less than the first speed. After the train has moved past the switch and the switch has been changed to the open state, the EMDI is diverted from the main track to the spur track via the switch in the open state and decelerated to a stop at the station.

A high-speed mass transport system having a monorail track disposed along a travel path and a monorail car with a driving unit suspended from the monorail track and a commuter car selectively attached to the driving unit. The high-speed mass transport system having also having an omnidirectional wheel transporter being adapted to selectively raise and lower to engage the commuter car, thus allowing the commuter car to detach from and reattach to the driving unit.

A cargo container loading and unloading system for a transportation system, including a loading zone and at least one opening connecting the loading zone to a transportation tube of the transportation system. The opening is sized to allow passage of cargo containers.

A method for isolating a first region maintained at a first environment and a second region maintained at a second environment, wherein the first and second environments are different from each other. The method includes forming an airlock between the first region and the second region, in which the airlock includes a plurality of chambers, which are separated by gate valves, successively arranged along a guide path between the first region and the second region. The method also includes maintaining environments in the plurality of chambers so that an environment in one chamber is different from an environment in an adjacent chamber.

A method for isolating a first region maintained at a first environment and a second region maintained at a second environment, wherein the first and second environments are different from each other. The method includes forming an airlock between the first region and the second region, in which the airlock includes a plurality of chambers, which are separated by gate valves, successively arranged along a guide path between the first region and the second region. The method also includes maintaining environments in the plurality of chambers so that an environment in one chamber is different from an environment in an adjacent chamber.

A semiconductor device of an embodiment includes a silicon carbide layer having first and second plane, the silicon carbide layer including trench having a first portion and a second portion, the second portion having a width smaller than the first portion, an n-type first silicon carbide region, a p-type second silicon carbide region between the first silicon carbide region and the first plane, a p-type third silicon carbide region between the second silicon carbide region and the first plane and having a p-type impurity concentration lower than the second silicon carbide region, an n-type fourth silicon carbide region between the third silicon carbide region and the first plane, and an n-type fifth silicon carbide region between the second portion and the second silicon carbide region and having an n-type impurity concentration higher than the first silicon carbide region; and a gate electrode in the trench.

Provided herein are transit systems for travel overhead of streets, having: at least a first vehicle and a second vehicle; a main track on which the vehicles travel, the main track having a suspended overhead rail over the streets by a support structure, such that the vehicles travel at an elevated level overhead of street level; docking stations for the vehicles to lower to the street level for loading and/or unloading passengers and/or cargo; a two-position switch at each docking station, having cables enabling vertical movement of the vehicle, and a replacement track; wherein the two-position switch allows for docking of the first vehicle while the second vehicle passes the docked first vehicle, by enabling lowering of the first vehicle from the elevated level to the street level, and the replacement track providing a track portion for the second vehicle on which to pass the first vehicle.

Provided herein are transit systems for travel overhead of streets, having: at least a first vehicle and a second vehicle; a main track on which the vehicles travel, the main track having a suspended overhead rail over the streets by a support structure, such that the vehicles travel at an elevated level overhead of street level; docking stations for the vehicles to lower to the street level for loading and/or unloading passengers and/or cargo; a two-position switch at each docking station, having cables enabling vertical movement of the vehicle, and a replacement track; wherein the two-position switch allows for docking of the first vehicle while the second vehicle passes the docked first vehicle, by enabling lowering of the first vehicle from the elevated level to the street level, and the replacement track providing a track portion for the second vehicle on which to pass the first vehicle.