A method for testing water droplet shedding ability of a surface of an aircraft wing includes: blowing air toward a surface of a cylindrical member in an airflow direction perpendicular to an axial direction of the cylindrical member, the cylindrical member simulating the wing and having water-related surface characteristics that differ across a predetermined boundary position in a circumferential direction; supplying a water droplet to a portion of the surface of the cylindrical member on a leading edge side with respect to a flow of the air; and capturing an image of the water droplet that moves on the surface of the cylindrical member across the boundary position due to the flow of the air.

An air data probe includes a faceplate, a body connected to the faceplate, and a heating system comprising a coil, the coil being connected to the faceplate. The coil generates an electromagnetic field that couples with the body to heat the body.

An air data probe includes a faceplate, a body connected to the faceplate, and a heating system comprising a coil, the coil being connected to the faceplate. The coil generates an electromagnetic field that couples with the body to heat the body.

A method of treatment of outdoor equipment for reducing ice adhesion thereon, the outdoor equipment defining a substrate on which a layer of linkers is intended to be coupled, the linkers being bi-functional and including: a first reacting group able to couple in a stable way in environmental conditions with the substrate, and a second reacting group able to generate a covalent bond stable in environmental conditions with polysaccharides, the method includes the steps of: coupling the linkers on at least an area of the equipment to obtain a layer of linkers coupled stably in environmental conditions with the substrate; and making react some polysaccharides on the layer of linkers to bind them with a covalent bond stable in environmental conditions with the second reacting group of the linkers and forming a layer of polysaccharides on the layer of linkers.

A method of treatment of outdoor equipment for reducing ice adhesion thereon, the outdoor equipment defining a substrate on which a layer of linkers is intended to be coupled, the linkers being bi-functional and including: a first reacting group able to couple in a stable way in environmental conditions with the substrate, and a second reacting group able to generate a covalent bond stable in environmental conditions with polysaccharides, the method includes the steps of: coupling the linkers on at least an area of the equipment to obtain a layer of linkers coupled stably in environmental conditions with the substrate; and making react some polysaccharides on the layer of linkers to bind them with a covalent bond stable in environmental conditions with the second reacting group of the linkers and forming a layer of polysaccharides on the layer of linkers.

An aircraft includes a fuselage and an engine housed in the fuselage. A ram-air engine inlet is formed on an exterior of the fuselage. The ram-air engine inlet is defined, at least in part, by a cowling door. The cowling door is moveable between a closed position and an open position. An intake duct fluidly couples the ram-air engine inlet to the engine. A filter is disposed across the intake duct. A bypass duct is formed in the ram-air engine inlet aft of the intake duct. The bypass duct is operable to be selectively opened and closed.

A method and aircraft for providing bleed air to environmental control systems of an aircraft using a gas turbine engine, including determining a bleed air demand for the environmental control systems, supplying low pressure and high pressure bleed air to the environmental control systems, wherein the proportional supplying is controlled such that the conditioned air stream meets the determined bleed air demand.

A method and aircraft for providing bleed air to environmental control systems of an aircraft using a gas turbine engine, including determining a bleed air demand for the environmental control systems, supplying low pressure and high pressure bleed air to the environmental control systems, wherein the proportional supplying is controlled such that the conditioned air stream meets the determined bleed air demand.

A method of operating an aircraft engine having a bladed rotor coupled thereto during an icing condition is provided. The method comprises controlling the aircraft engine to alternatingly achieve an ice accretion rotational speed of the bladed rotor at which ice accretion on blades of the bladed rotor occurs, and a reduced rotational speed of the bladed rotor to promote ice shedding from the blades of the bladed rotor. The reduced rotational speed is lower than the ice accretion rotational speed.

A method of operating an aircraft engine having a bladed rotor coupled thereto during an icing condition is provided. The method comprises controlling the aircraft engine to alternatingly achieve an ice accretion rotational speed of the bladed rotor at which ice accretion on blades of the bladed rotor occurs, and a reduced rotational speed of the bladed rotor to promote ice shedding from the blades of the bladed rotor. The reduced rotational speed is lower than the ice accretion rotational speed.