There is provided a method of treating hay for preventing and/or reducing heat damage in high moisture hay and as well to preserve the same, the method including adding to hay a hay preservative including a hay preserving and heat reducing effective amount of at least one enzyme having a chitinase activity, either alone or in combination with a hay preserving and heat reducing effective amount of a yeast of the genus Pichia or a bacteria of the genus Pediococcus. There is also provided a method of treating hay for preventing and/or reducing heat damage in high moisture hay and as well to preserve the same, the method including adding to hay a hay preservative including a hay preserving and heat reducing effective amount of yeast of the genus Pichia.

Methods of preventing or decreasing PEDv and/or Salmonella bacteria in animal feed, feed ingredients, and pet food are provided. The methods utilize generally safe chemical mitigants, such as medium chain fatty acids, essential oils, and sodium bisulfate. The chemical mitigants are introduced to the feed or feed ingredients at inclusion rates selected so as to prevent or decrease PEDv and/or Salmonella bacteria in the animal feed, feed ingredients, or pet rood. The methods are particularly suitable for use in post-processing treatment of animal feed, feed ingredients, or pet food that will be transported and stored for multiple days or weeks.

Methods of preventing or decreasing PEDv and/or Salmonella bacteria in animal feed, feed ingredients, and pet food are provided. The methods utilize generally safe chemical mitigants, such as medium chain fatty acids, essential oils, and sodium bisulfate. The chemical mitigants are introduced to the feed or feed ingredients at inclusion rates selected so as to prevent or decrease PEDv and/or Salmonella bacteria in the animal feed, feed ingredients, or pet rood. The methods are particularly suitable for use in post-processing treatment of animal feed, feed ingredients, or pet food that will be transported and stored for multiple days or weeks.

A method of inhibiting mycotoxin growth in a site susceptible to mycotoxin contamination, comprising obtaining a Arthrospira platensis, reducing the Arthrospira platensis to nanoparticles, and dispensing the Arthrospira platensis nanoparticles to the site susceptible to mycotoxin growth. In an embodiment, the site vulnerable to mycotoxin contamination is an animal feed supply. In an embodiment, the site susceptible to mycotoxin contamination is wastewater. Use of the Arthrospira platensis nanoparticles efficiently inhibits or prevents mycotoxin contamination.

A method of inhibiting mycotoxin growth in a site susceptible to mycotoxin contamination, comprising obtaining a Arthrospira platensis, reducing the Arthrospira platensis to nanoparticles, and dispensing the Arthrospira platensis nanoparticles to the site susceptible to mycotoxin growth. In an embodiment, the site vulnerable to mycotoxin contamination is an animal feed supply. In an embodiment, the site susceptible to mycotoxin contamination is wastewater. Use of the Arthrospira platensis nanoparticles efficiently inhibits or prevents mycotoxin contamination.

A method and system is provided for using biochar in composting environments to control temperature, moisture, acid and pH levels, odors and bacterial cultures. The method further includes treating the biochar prior to combining it with the compost to further control such parameters.

A method and system is provided for using biochar in composting environments to control temperature, moisture, acid and pH levels, odors and bacterial cultures. The method further includes treating the biochar prior to combining it with the compost to further control such parameters.

A device (10) for pasteurizing and/or sterilizing particulate material. The device (10) includes: an outer housing (40); a material inlet (43); a material outlet (44); a material guide channel (41) for guiding the material through the device (10) to the material outlet (44); at least one electron source (20) for generating an electron beam; and a treatment zone (19), located in the material guide channel (41), for pasteurizing and/or sterilizing while the material is free falling. The device (10) has at least one inner shielding section (51, 52) disposed within the outer housing (40) and enclosing the material guide channel (41) for shielding off radiation produced during treatment. A method for pasteurizing and/or sterilizing particulate material using such a device (10) is also disclosed which includes: a) generating an electron beam, and b) pasteurizing and/or sterilizing the material, while the material is free falling in the treatment zone (19).

A device (10) for pasteurizing and/or sterilizing particulate material. The device (10) includes: an outer housing (40); a material inlet (43); a material outlet (44); a material guide channel (41) for guiding the material through the device (10) to the material outlet (44); at least one electron source (20) for generating an electron beam; and a treatment zone (19), located in the material guide channel (41), for pasteurizing and/or sterilizing while the material is free falling. The device (10) has at least one inner shielding section (51, 52) disposed within the outer housing (40) and enclosing the material guide channel (41) for shielding off radiation produced during treatment. A method for pasteurizing and/or sterilizing particulate material using such a device (10) is also disclosed which includes: a) generating an electron beam, and b) pasteurizing and/or sterilizing the material, while the material is free falling in the treatment zone (19).

A composition and process for making pet food treats is described herein. Auxiliary ingredients are combined to form a meat mixture. The meat mixture is formed into portions. The portions of meat mixture are positioned on a chew stick that comprises rawhide. The pet treat gives the appearance of a grilled shish kabob, where the meat portions are meant for initial taste, while the chew stick will provide the dog with a longer-lasting chewing portion.