Provided is a structure for individual authentication in which a pillar pattern region including a plurality of nanopillars formed of synthetic quartz glass is formed on at least a part of a surface portion of a synthetic quartz glass substrate. In the pillar pattern region, the nanopillars have an indentation elastic modulus of 35 to 100 GPa as measured by a nanoindentation method, and the nanopillars are plastically deformed.

Devices and methods are provided that utilize two adjacent nanopore readers for sequencing of a polymer or a portion thereof.

A system for measuring a concentration of lead in water includes a variable electrode having a mixture of lead ionophore II, carbon nanotubes, and a first binder. A reference electrode includes a mixture of carbon nanotubes and a second binder. A meter is electrically connected in series with the variable and reference electrodes, and the meter generates a signal reflective of the concentration of lead in the water when the variable and reference electrodes are immersed in the water. A method for measuring a concentration of lead in water may include preparing a variable electrode having lead ionophore II and a reference electrode having carbon nanotubes. The method may further include electrically connecting a meter with the variable and reference electrodes, immersing the variable and reference electrodes in the water, and generating a signal from the meter reflective of the concentration of lead in the water.

A system for measuring a concentration of lead in water includes a variable electrode having a mixture of lead ionophore II, carbon nanotubes, and a first binder. A reference electrode includes a mixture of carbon nanotubes and a second binder. A meter is electrically connected in series with the variable and reference electrodes, and the meter generates a signal reflective of the concentration of lead in the water when the variable and reference electrodes are immersed in the water. A method for measuring a concentration of lead in water may include preparing a variable electrode having lead ionophore II and a reference electrode having carbon nanotubes. The method may further include electrically connecting a meter with the variable and reference electrodes, immersing the variable and reference electrodes in the water, and generating a signal from the meter reflective of the concentration of lead in the water.

A quantum dot includes a core, a first shell and a second shell. The core includes a group III-V compound. The first shell includes a second semiconductor nanocrystal. The second semiconductor nanocrystal includes zinc, selenium and a dopant including tellurium. The second shell includes a third semiconductor nanocrystal. The third semiconductor nanocrystal includes a II-VI compound.

The present invention features an optical detection system for SARS-CoV-2 or other pathogens, which includes a specialty mask. The specialty mask incorporates a SERS nanopatch for accumulating pathogenic particles from a wearers breath. When the SERS nanopatch receives incident NIR light, backscattered light from the SERS nanopatch is detected by a receiver and analyzed for a Raman spectral shift. Detection of the Raman spectral signature from the SERS nanopatch allows for determination if SARS-CoV-2 or another pathogen is present. In addition to the mask with a nanostructured surface for collecting pathogenic material, the system includes a laser source directed at the nanostructured surface, a detection system to collect backscattered light, a spectral analysis system to detect Raman shifted light, and an analysis system for determining if SARS-CoV-2 or another pathogen is present. AI image processing may be used to steer the laser beam safely to the nanopatch, avoiding eye contact.

Provided is a method of calibrating a nano measurement scale using a standard material including: measuring widths of a plurality of nanostructures included in the standard material and having pre-designated certified values of different sizes by a microscope; determining measured values for the widths of each of the plurality of nanostructures measured by the microscope based on a predetermined criterion; and calibrating a measurement scale of the microscope based on the certified values and the measured values.

The invention relates to polymer nanoparticle and DNA nanostructure delivery compositions for non-viral delivery, and methods therefor. More particularly, the invention relates to polymer nanoparticle delivery compositions, such as reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymer compositions, and DNA nanostructure delivery compositions, such as DNA origami compositions, for the delivery of more than one payload, or for the delivery of a nucleic acid construct payload of 3 kB or more, and methods therefor.

Methods for preparing a layered metal nanocomposite and a layered metal nanocomposite. The method includes mixing a magnesium salt and an aluminum salt to form a Mg.sup.2+/Al.sup.3+ solution. The Mg/Al has a molar ratio of between 0.5:1 to 6:1. Then a diamondoid compound is added to the Mg.sup.2+/Al.sup.3+ solution to form a reactant mixture. The diamondoid compound has at least one carboxylic acid moiety. The reactant mixture is heated at a reaction temperature for a reaction time to form a Mg/Al-diamondoid intercalated layered double hydroxide. The Mg/Al-diamondoid intercalated layered double hydroxide is thermally decomposed under a reducing atmosphere for a decomposition time at a decomposition temperature to form the layered metal nanocomposite.

Some embodiments provide methods and systems for creating ladder/standards as quality control tools for length-based separation of carbon nanotubes; determining the length purity; or measuring distribution of lengths of a collection of carbon nanotubes. Some embodiments further provide methods and systems for dispersing carbon nanotubes by conjugation of the carbon nanotubes with biomolecule moieties, specifically proteins. Further, some embodiments provide an indicator for length-based separation of carbon nanotubes via conjugation of one or more biomolecules onto the surfaces of the nanotubes. In some embodiments, such a method can include conjugating a biomolecule to the carbon nanotubes and subjecting the conjugated carbon nanotubes to silver-stained gel electrophoresis to separate the conjugated carbon nanotubes based on their lengths.