A compound of Formula 1:
Li.sub.6+(4a)x+c)M.sup.4+.sub.(2x)A.sup.a+.sub.xO.sub.(7c)N.sub.c(1)
wherein M is a tetravalent cationic element, A is a divalent or trivalent cationic element, N is an anion having a valence of less than 2, wherein when A is Y.sup.3+, In.sup.3+, Zn.sup.2+, or a combination thereof, 0.15<x0.5, otherwise 0x0.5, 0c2, and ((4a)x+c)>0.

Preparation of semiconductor nanocrystals and their dispersions in solvents and other media is described. The nanocrystals described herein have small (1-10 nm) particle size with minimal aggregation and can be synthesized with high yield. The capping agents on the as-synthesized nanocrystals as well as nanocrystals which have undergone cap exchange reactions result in the formation of stable suspensions in polar and nonpolar solvents which may then result in the formation of high quality nanocomposite films.

Disclosed is a solid state electrolyte comprising a compound of Formula 1

Li.sub.7a*(b4)*xM.sup.a.sub.La.sub.3Hf.sub.2M.sup.b.sub.O.sub.12xX.sub.x (1)

wherein M.sup.a is a cationic element having a valence of a+; M.sup.b is a cationic element having a valence of b+; and X is an anion having a valence of 1, wherein, when M.sup.a includes H, 05, otherwise 00.75, and wherein 01.5, 0x1.5, and (a*+(b4)+x)>0, 01.

The present invention relates to a mixed oxide of aluminium, of zirconium, of cerium, of lanthanum and optionally of at least one rare-earth metal other than cerium and lanthanum that makes it possible to prepare a catalyst that retains, after severe ageing, a good thermal stability and a good catalytic activity. The invention also relates to the process for preparing this mixed oxide and also to a process for treating exhaust gases from internal combustion engines using a catalyst prepared from this mixed oxide.

A compound of Formula 1

Li.sub.1+(4a)Hf.sub.2M.sup.a.sub.(PO.sub.4).sub.3(1)

wherein M is at least one cationic element with valence of a, wherein 0<, 1a4, and 00.1. Also an electrolyte composition, a separator, a protected positive electrode, a protected negative electrode, and a lithium battery, each including the compound of Formula 1.

Provided is a complex oxide that has a high hydrogen content, contains almost no impurity phase, and is suitable for proton conductivity. The complex oxide is represented by a chemical formula Li.sub.7-xH.sub.xLa.sub.3M.sub.2O.sub.12 (M represents Zr and/or Hf, and 3.2<x7) and is a single phase of a garnet type structure belonging to a cubic system. A method for producing the complex oxide includes an exchange step of bringing a raw material complex oxide represented by a chemical formula Li.sub.7-xH.sub.xLa.sub.3M.sub.2O.sub.12 (M represents Zr and/or Hf, and 0x3.2) and a compound having a hydroxy group or a carboxyl group into contact with each other to exchange at least some of lithium of the raw material complex oxide and hydrogen of the compound having a hydroxy group or a carboxyl group.

A scintillator, having a composition represented by the following general formula (1), including a substitution element A, the substitution element A comprising at least La, and a total molar content of the substitution element A being 0.00001 mol or more and 0.05 mol or less in 1 mol of the scintillator, and further including an activator element B, the activator element B being constituted from Ce, having a perovskite-type crystal structure, and exhibiting a linear transmittance of light at a wavelength of 800 nm, at a thickness of 1.9 mm, of 30% or more. QM.sub.xO.sub.3y . . . (1): wherein Q represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr and Ba; M represents Hf; Q and M are each optionally substituted with other element at a proportion of 20% by mol or less; and x and y respectively satisfy 0.5x1.5 and 0.7y1.5.

A scintillator, having a composition represented by the following general formula (1), including a substitution element A, the substitution element A comprising at least La, and a total molar content of the substitution element A being 0.00001 mol or more and 0.05 mol or less in 1 mol of the scintillator, and further including an activator element B, the activator element B being constituted from Ce, having a perovskite-type crystal structure, and exhibiting a linear transmittance of light at a wavelength of 800 nm, at a thickness of 1.9 mm, of 30% or more. QM.sub.xO.sub.3y . . . (1): wherein Q represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr and Ba; M represents Hf; Q and M are each optionally substituted with other element at a proportion of 20% by mol or less; and x and y respectively satisfy 0.5x1.5 and 0.7y1.5.

Provided is a method of extracting and separating zirconium and hafnium from hydrochloric acid medium, which relates to the technical field of fine separation of substance. Primarily, extraction is performed to acidic raw liquid containing zirconium compounds by a synergistic extraction system consisting of DIBK and phosphonic acids extraction agent, so that the zirconium goes to the aqueous phase and the hafnium goes to the organic phase, thus the separation is achieved. No toxic substance is involved throughout the process, so clean production is achieved.

The present invention aims to provide a scintillator which has a short fluorescence decay time, whose fluorescence intensity after a period of time following radiation irradiation is low, and which shows largely improved light-transmittance. A scintillator represented by the following General Formula (1), the scintillator including Zr, having a Zr content of not less than 1500 ppm by mass therein, and being a block of a sintered body. Q.sub.xM.sub.yO.sub.3z:A . . . (1) (wherein in General Formula (1), Q includes at least one or more kinds of divalent metallic elements; M includes at least Hf; and x, y, and z independently satisfy 0.5?x?1.5, 0.5?y?1.5, and 0.7?z?1.5, respectively).