An ion conductor including: at least one oxide represented by Formulae 1 to 3
Li.sub.4xM.sub.1xM.sub.xO.sub.4 Formula 1
wherein in Formula 1, 0x1 and 0x1 , M is a Group 4 element, M is an element of Group 2, an element of Group 3, an element of Group 5, an element of Group 12, an element of Group 13, a vacancy, or a combination thereof, with the proviso that when M is Zr, then x0, x0 and M is Be, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Cd, Hg, Cn, Ga, In, TI, an element of Group 3, an element of Group 5, or a combination thereof;
Li.sub.4yMO.sub.4yA.sub.y Formula 2
wherein in Formula 2, M is a Group 4 element, A includes at least one halogen, with the proviso that when M is Zr, y0,
Li.sub.4+4zM.sub.1zO.sub.4 Formula 3
wherein in Formula 3, 0<z<1, and M is a Group 4 element.

A compound of Formula 1:

Li.sub.6+(4a)x+c)M.sup.4+.sub.(2x)A.sup.a+.sub.xO.sub.(7c)N.sub.c (1)

wherein M is a tetravalent cationic element, A is a divalent or trivalent cationic element, N is an anion having a valence of less than 2, wherein when A is Y.sup.3+, In.sup.3+, Zn.sup.2+, or a combination thereof, 0.15<x0.5, otherwise 0x0.5, 0c2, and ((4a)x+c)>0.

A compound of Formula 1:

Li.sub.6+(4a)x+c)M.sup.4+.sub.(2x)A.sup.a+.sub.xO.sub.(7c)N.sub.c (1)

wherein M is a tetravalent cationic element, A is a divalent or trivalent cationic element, N is an anion having a valence of less than 2, wherein when A is Y.sup.3+, In.sup.3+, Zn.sup.2+, or a combination thereof, 0.15<x0.5, otherwise 0x0.5, 0c2, and ((4a)x+c)>0.

A solid electrolyte including: an oxide represented by Formula 1, Formula 2, Formula 3, or a combination thereof,
Li.sub.2+4xM1.sub.1?xO.sub.3Formula 1
wherein, in Formula 1, M1 is hafnium, titanium, zirconium, or a combination thereof, and 0<x<1;
Li.sub.2?y(a?4)M1.sub.1?yM2.sup.a.sub.yO.sub.3Formula 2
wherein, in Formula 2, M1 is hafnium, titanium, zirconium, or a combination thereof, M2 is at least one element having an oxidation number of a, and wherein a is an integer from 1 to 6, and 0<y<1; or
Li.sub.2?zM1O.sub.3?zX.sub.zFormula 3
wherein, in Formula 3, M1 is hafnium, titanium, zirconium, or a combination thereof, X is a halogen, a pseudohalogen, or a combination thereof, and 0<z<2.

An oxide superconducting wire includes a superconducting layer formed disposed on a substrate. The superconducting layer includes a structure in which artificial pin rods having different lengths dispersed on a plane parallel to a substrate surface of the substrate. A degree of dispersion in length of the artificial pin rods in the plane parallel to the substrate surface is greater than or equal to 5 mm.

To provide a structural body having a new shape and including a garnet crystal structure. A structural body comprising Li.sub.aM.sup.1.sub.bM.sup.2.sub.cO.sub.d (5a8; 2.5b3.5; 1.5c2.5; 10d14; M.sup.1 is at least one element selected from Al, Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Lu, Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba; and M.sup.2 is at least one element selected from Zr, Hf, Nb, or Ta) including a garnet crystal structure, wherein in a scanning electron microscopic image obtained through observation of a fracture surface in a depth direction of the structural body, a striped pattern extending along the depth direction is shown, and/or in a scanning electron microscopic image obtained through observation of a cut surface in the depth direction of the structural body, a continuous body extending along the depth direction is shown.

A passive temperature-sensing apparatus, which includes a capacitive sensing element that includes a capacitive sensing composition that includes a ferroelectric ceramic material that exhibits a measurable electrical Curie temperature that is below 30 degrees C. The capacitive sensing composition exhibits a negative slope of capacitance versus temperature over the temperature range of from 30 degrees C. to 150 degrees C.

Methods for making metastable lead-free piezoelectric materials are presented herein.

Methods for making metastable lead-free piezoelectric materials are presented herein.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a hexafluoromanganate(IV), said method being characterized by comprising: inserting an anode and a cathode into a reaction solution that contains a compound containing manganese having an atomic valence of less than 4 and/or manganese having an atomic valence of more than 4 and hydrogen fluoride; and then applying an electric current having an electric current density of 100 to 1000 A/m.sup.2 between the anode and the cathode. According to the present invention, it becomes possible to produce a hexafluoromanganate(IV) in which the content ratio of manganese having an atomic valence of 4 is high and the contamination with oxygen is reduced and which has high purity. When a complex fluoride red phosphor is produced using the hexafluoromanganate(IV) as a raw material, the phosphor produced has high luminescence properties, particularly high internal quantum efficiency.