A battery comprising an acidified metal oxide (AMO) material, preferably in monodisperse nanoparticulate form 20 nm or less in size, having a pH <7 when suspended in a 5 wt % aqueous solution and a Hammett function H.sub.0 >12, at least on its surface.

A battery cell having an anode or cathode comprising an acidified metal oxide (AMO) material, preferably in monodisperse nanoparticulate form 20 nm or less in size, having a pH<7 when suspended in a 5 wt % aqueous solution and a Hammett function H.sub.0>12, at least on its surface.

A mixed conductor represented by Formula 1:

A.sub.xTi.sub.5yG.sub.zO.sub.12Formula 1 wherein, in Formula 1, A is a monovalent cation, G is at least one of a monovalent cation, a divalent cation, a trivalent cation, a tetravalent cation, a pentavalent cation, or a hexavalent cation, with the proviso that G is not Ti or Cr, wherein 0<x<2, 0.3<y<5, 0<z<5, and 0<3.

Thermoelectric materials based on tetrahedrite structures for thermoelectric devices and methods for producing thermoelectric materials and devices are disclosed. The thermoelectric device has a pair of conductors and a p-type thermoelectric material disposed between the conductors. The thermoelectric material is at least partially formed of a hot pressed high energy milled tetrahedrite formed of tetrahedrite ore and pure elements to form a tetrahedrite powder of Cu12-xMxSb4S13 disposed between the conductors, where M is at least one of Zn and Fe.

The present invention provides a nonaqueous electrolytic solution that provides an electric double layer capacitor having excellent durability. The nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention is a nonaqueous electrolytic solution for electric double layer capacitors prepared by dissolving a quaternary ammonium salt as an electrolyte in a nonaqueous solvent, and the nonaqueous electrolytic solution has an alkali metal cation concentration of 0.1 to 30 ppm.

A sulfide solid electrolyte material, a gas-phase synthesis method for materials thereof and an application thereof are disclosed. The gas-phase synthesis method comprises: weighing a Li source and an M source according to a defined ratio, the M source being an oxide or sulfide of at least one of group 4, 5, 6, 13, 14 and 15 elements from the third period to the sixth period in the periodic table of elements; mixing and placing the mixed raw materials into a furnace; adding an S source into a sulfur source gas generation device; using a carrier gas, and performing gas washing on the furnace for a certain duration at a set ventilation rate; heating the furnace to 200-800 C. at a set heating rate in an environment in which the gas containing the S source is introduced at the set ventilation rate, keeping warm for a set duration, and then cooling to room temperature; and removing a sulfide solid electrolyte from the furnace.

Disclosed is a plurality of metal chalcogenide nanocrystals coated with multiple organic and inorganic ligands; wherein the metal is selected from Hg, Pb, Sn, Cd, Bi, Sb or a mixture thereof; and the chalcogen is selected from S, Se, Te or a mixture thereof; wherein the multiple inorganic ligands includes at least one inorganic ligands are selected from S.sup.2, HS.sup., Se.sup.2, Te.sup.2, OH.sup., BF.sub.4.sup., PF.sub.6.sup., Cl.sup., Br.sup., I.sup., As.sub.2Se.sub.3, Sb.sub.2S.sub.3, Sb.sub.2Te.sub.3, Sb.sub.2Se.sub.3, As.sub.2S.sub.3 or a mixture thereof; and wherein the absorption of the CH bonds of the organic ligands relative to the absorption of metal chalcogenide nanocrystals is lower than 50%, preferably lower than 20%.

A battery comprising an acidified metal oxide (AMO) material, preferably in monodisperse nanoparticulate form 20 nm or less in size, having a pH<7 when suspended in a 5 wt % aqueous solution and a Hammett function H.sub.0>12, at least on its surface.

A battery cell having an anode or cathode comprising an acidified metal oxide (AMO) material, preferably in monodisperse nanoparticulate form 20 nm or less in size, having a pH<7 when suspended in a 5 wt % aqueous solution and a Hammett function H.sub.0>12, at least on its surface.

The solid electrolyte material of the present disclosure comprises lithium and a plurality of anion elements. The plurality of anion elements includes antimony and at least one element selected from the group consisting of pnictogen elements excluding antimony, chalcogen elements, and halogen elements. The battery of the present disclosure comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte layer disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein at least one selected from the group consisting of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the electrolyte layer contains the solid electrolyte material of the present disclosure.