Heat ray shielding fine particles, heat ray shielding fine particle dispersion liquid, heat ray shielding film, heat ray shielding glass, heat ray shielding dispersion body, and heat ray shielding laminated transparent substrate that exhibit heat ray shielding properties and suppress scorching sensation on skin when employed in window materials and the like, also enable usage of communication devices, imaging devices, sensors, etc. that employ near-infrared light across these structures. The particles are composite tungsten oxide fine particles having a heat ray shielding function; and when a visible light transmittance is 85% when computed for light absorption by the particles alone, the average value of transmittance in the wavelength region from 800 nm to 900 nm is 30%-60%, and the average value of transmittance in the wavelength region from 1200 nm to 1500 nm is 20% or lower, and the transmittance at a wavelength of 2100 nm is 22% or lower.

The present invention relates to a positive electrode active material and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same.

A coated substrate is provided that comprises: a substrate; and a barrier coating comprising a compound having the formula: Ln.sub.2ABO.sub.8, where Ln comprises scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, or mixtures thereof; A comprises Si, Ti, Ge, Sn, Ce, Hf, Zr, or a combination thereof; and B comprises Mo, W, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, B comprises Mo. A gas turbine is also provided that comprises the coated substrate described above.

A system and a method of continuously separating submicron thickness laminar solid particles from a solid suspension, segregating the suspension into a submicron thickness particle fraction suspension and a residual particle fraction suspension, the method comprising the steps of; providing a continuous centrifuge apparatus; providing a suspension of submicron thickness laminar solid particles in a solid suspension; wherein the solid suspension comprises the submicron thickness solid particles in a liquid continuous phase; separating the solid suspension in the apparatus.

A system and a method of continuously separating submicron thickness laminar solid particles from a solid suspension, segregating the suspension into a submicron thickness particle fraction suspension and a residual particle fraction suspension, the method comprising the steps of; providing a continuous centrifuge apparatus; providing a suspension of submicron thickness laminar solid particles in a solid suspension; wherein the solid suspension comprises the submicron thickness solid particles in a liquid continuous phase; separating the solid suspension in the apparatus.

Disclosed are an environment-friendly heat shielding film using a non-radioactive stable isotope and a manufacturing method therefor and, more specifically, an environment-friendly heat shielding film using a non-radioactive stable isotope and a manufacturing method therefor, wherein a heat shielding layer is formed on one surface of a substrate layer; the heat shielding layer is composed of stable isotopes as elements constituting a precursor and contains a non-radioactive stable isotope tungsten bronze compound having an oxygen-deficient .sup.(Y)A.sub.x.sup.(182,183,184,186)W.sub.1O.sub.(3-n) type hexagonal structure, thereby preventing the generation of radioactive materials, fundamentally blocking haze, and improving the visible light transmittance and the infrared light blocking rate; and the heat resistance and durability problems that may occur when the heat shielding layer is formed of the non-radioactive stable isotope tungsten bronze compound are solved by a passivation film.

A composite tungsten oxide film includes a composition represented by a general formula M.sub.xW.sub.yO.sub.z (wherein, an element M is one or more elements selected from alkaline metal, alkaline earth metal, Fe, In, Tl, and Sn, an element W is tungsten, and an element O is oxygen) as main components, wherein 0.001≤x/y≤1, 2.2≤z/y≤3.0, organic components are not contained substantially, a sheet resistance is 10.sup.5 ohms per square or more, a transmittance in a wavelength of 550 nm is 50% or more, a transmittance in a wavelength of 1400 nm is 30% or less, and also, an absorptance in a wavelength of 1400 nm is 35% or more, and an absorptance in a wavelength of 800 nm with respect to an absorptance in a wavelength of 1400 nm is 80% or less.

A hydroprocessing catalyst has been developed. The catalyst is a crystalline transition metal tungstate material or metal sulfides derived therefrom, or both. The hydroprocessing using the crystalline transition metal tungstate material may include hydrodenitrification, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodemetallation, hydrodesilication, hydrodearomatization, hydroisomerization, hydrotreating, hydrofining, and hydrocracking. A data system comprising at least one processor; at least one memory storing computer-executable instructions; and at least one receiver configured to receive data of a conversion process comprising at least one reaction catalyzed by the catalyst or a metal sulfide decomposition product of the catalyst has been developed.

A hydroprocessing catalyst has been developed. The catalyst is a crystalline transition metal tungstate material or metal sulfides derived therefrom, or both. The hydroprocessing using the crystalline transition metal tungstate material may include hydrodenitrification, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodemetallation, hydrodesilication, hydrodearomatization, hydroisomerization, hydrotreating, hydrofining, and hydrocracking. A data system comprising at least one processor; at least one memory storing computer-executable instructions; and at least one receiver configured to receive data of a conversion process comprising at least one reaction catalyzed by the catalyst or a metal sulfide decomposition product of the catalyst has been developed.

The present invention provides a method for the manufacture of transition metal oxide fine particles, the method comprising the steps of: heating a strong-alkaline aqueous solution while stirring same; adding to and dissolving in the heated strong-alkaline aqueous solution a transition metal oxide; adding a strong-acid aqueous solution to the strong alkaline aqueous solution in which the transition metal oxide is dissolved, while stirring same, thereby re-dissolving a solid generated at the interface between the strong-alkaline aqueous solution and the strong-acid aqueous solution; adjusting the pH of the mixed aqueous solution resulting from mixing the strong-alkaline aqueous solution and the strong acid aqueous solution, through adjustment of the adding rate and amount of the strong-acid aqueous solution, to precipitate transition metal oxide fine particles; and separating the transition metal oxide fine particles from the mixed aqueous solution and sequentially washing, drying, and thermally treating the separated transition metal oxide fine particles.