A method of preparing magnetite particles may include providing a first solution of substantially ferrous sulphate. The first solution may be converted by replacing sulphate ions with chloride ions to produce a second solution of substantially ferrous chloride. The second solution may be oxidized to produce a third solution of substantially iron oxide. A system for purifying a solution of substantially iron oxide may include a solution reservoir, at least one membrane unit, and at least one pump for circulating the solution between the solution reservoir and the membrane unit. The solution may be delivered from the solution reservoir to an inlet of the membrane unit, and/or the solution may be returned from an outlet of the membrane unit to the solution reservoir.

A process for preparing a stable Li.sub.xMn.sub.2-yMe.sub.yO.sub.4-zCl.sub.z material with a MO.sub.b or MMn.sub.aO.sub.b charge transfer catalyst coating is provided, where Me is Fe, Co, or Ni and M is Bi, As, or Sb. In addition, a Li.sub.xMn.sub.2-yMe.sub.yO.sub.4-zCl.sub.z material with a MO.sub.b or MMn.sub.aO.sub.b charge transfer catalyst coating is provided. Furthermore, a lithium or lithium ion rechargeable electrochemical cell is provided, which includes a cathode material (in a positive electrode) containing a Li.sub.xMn.sub.2-yMe.sub.yO.sub.4-zCl.sub.z material with a MO.sub.b or MMn.sub.aO.sub.b charge transfer catalyst coating.

An LiFePO.sub.4 precursor for manufacturing an electrode material of an Li-ion battery and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. The LiFePO.sub.4 precursor of the present disclosure can be represented by the following formula (I):

LiFe.sub.(1-a)M.sub.aPO.sub.4(I)

wherein M and a are defined in the specification, the LiFePO.sub.4 precursor does not have an olivine structure, and the LiFePO.sub.4 precursor is powders constituted by plural flakes.

This disclosure relates to a rechargeable battery cell, comprising: an active metal; at least one positive electrode; at least one negative electrode comprising an active material selected from the group consisting of an insertion material made of carbon, an alloy-forming active material, an intercalation material which does not comprise carbon, and a conversion active material; an SO.sub.2 based electrolyte comprising a first conducting salt which has the formula (I), ##STR00001##
wherein: M is a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, metals of group 12 of the periodic table of the elements, and aluminum; x is an integer from 1 to 3; R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are selected independently of one another from the group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl and C.sub.5-C.sub.14 heteroaryl; and Z is aluminum or boron.

A sintered body containing: a plurality of coated grains each having a metal magnetic body grain coated with a resin layer; a plurality of ferrite grains; and an amorphous phase between the plurality of coated grains and the plurality of ferrite grains. The amorphous phase may contain a metal element that is the same as a metal element contained in the ferrite grains.

A layered double hydroxide is represented by the following formula (I): Ni.sup.2+.sub.1?(x+y+z)Fe.sup.3+.sub.xV.sup.3+.sub.yCo.sup.3+.sub.z(OH).sub.2A.sup.n?.sub.(x+y+z)/n.Math.mH.sub.2O . . . (I). In one embodiment, in the formula (I), (x+y+z) is from 0.2 to 0.5, x represents more than 0 and 0.3 or less, y represents from 0.04 to 0.49, and z represents more than 0 and 0.2 or less.

A device for removing iron from a nickel-cobalt-manganese sulfuric acid solution and a method for continuously removing iron ions from a nickel-cobalt-manganese sulfuric acid solution. The device has an iron removal reactor (2) having a stirrer (3) and an iron removal reactor inner cylinder (5) and an aging reactor (9) having an aging reactor stirrer (7) and an automatic stone powder feeder (8), a mixing feed pipe (12) and a carbonate solution feed pipe (4) are arranged in an interlayer between the iron removal reactor (2) and the iron removal reactor inner cylinder (5), a mixer (1) for a preheating the device is arranged at a top of the mixing feed pipe (12), a compressed air inlet (11) and a feed inlet (10) of a solution to be subjected to iron removal are arranged in the mixer (1). Further disclosed is a method for removing iron of the device.

A device for removing iron from a nickel-cobalt-manganese sulfuric acid solution and a method for continuously removing iron ions from a nickel-cobalt-manganese sulfuric acid solution. The device has an iron removal reactor (2) having a stirrer (3) and an iron removal reactor inner cylinder (5) and an aging reactor (9) having an aging reactor stirrer (7) and an automatic stone powder feeder (8), a mixing feed pipe (12) and a carbonate solution feed pipe (4) are arranged in an interlayer between the iron removal reactor (2) and the iron removal reactor inner cylinder (5), a mixer (1) for a preheating the device is arranged at a top of the mixing feed pipe (12), a compressed air inlet (11) and a feed inlet (10) of a solution to be subjected to iron removal are arranged in the mixer (1). Further disclosed is a method for removing iron of the device.

The embodiments herein provide lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode active materials and a method for deposition of the LFP active materials on an aluminum-foil current collector for lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. The embodiments herein utilize an aqueous based LFP precursor slurry made using combustion chemistry, where the LFP precursor slurry is composed of a redox mixture of the nitrates of lithium and iron, dihydrogen ammonium phosphate and glycine in water in the presence of flora-based sodium-carboxy methylcellulose as an organic binder. Furthermore, the thick and transparent precursors slurry is deposited on the aluminum current collector followed by annealing at appropriate pressures and atmospheric conditions. Therefore, the heat liberated in the exothermic reaction of the redox mixture not only assists in the formation of LFP cathode active materials, but also in the incineration of the organic binders and the solvent.

High quality silver-iron titanate nanoparticles are synthesized using an ilmenite source. The silver-iron titanate nanoparticles were characterized using various analytical techniques. As compared to prior art methods, the disclosed methods provide for the simple, cost-effective synthesis of relatively high-quality silver-iron titanate nanoparticles. The silver-iron titanate nanoparticles can be used in a variety of important agricultural, industrial, and hygienic uses, including in the important area of plant tissue culture explant sterilization.