Provided is a battery including: a positive electrode containing a positive electrode active material; a negative electrode; and an electrolyte solution containing a nonaqueous solvent. The positive electrode active material contains a compound represented by composition formula (1) below and having a crystal structure belonging to space group FM3-M: Li.sub.xMe.sub.yO.sub.αF.sub.β. (1) Here, Me is one or two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Ni, Fe, Al, B, Ce, Si, Zr, Nb, Pr, Ti, W, Ge, Mo, Sn, Bi, Cu, Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Y, Zn, Ga, Er, La, Sm, Yb, V, and C. x, y, α, and β satisfy the following conditions: 1.7≤x≤2.2, 0.8≤y≤1.3, 1≤α≤2.5, and 0.5≤β≤2, respectively. The nonaqueous solvent includes at least one solvent selected from hydrofluoroethers, phosphazenes, phosphates, and perfluoropolyethers.

A process for forming an active cathode material. The process comprises forming a precursor comprising a lithium salt and a multi-carboxylic acid salt of at least one of nickel, manganese or cobalt; heating the precursor in a metal lined vessel to a temperature of no more than 600° C. to form an intermediate material; and heating the intermediate material to a temperature of over 600° C. to form said active cathode material.

The present invention relates to a positive electrode active material having improved electrical characteristics by adjusting an aspect ratio gradient of primary particles included in a secondary particle, a positive electrode including the positive electrode active material, and a lithium secondary battery using the positive electrode.

Disclosed is a lithium complex oxide and method of manufacturing the same, more particularly, a lithium complex oxide effective in improving the characteristics of capacity, resistance, and lifetime with reduced residual lithium and with different interplanar distances of crystalline structure between a primary particle locating in an internal part of secondary particle and a primary particle locating on the surface part of the secondary particle, and a method of preparing the same.

A process for making a mixed metal oxide, may involve: (a) providing a hydroxide or oxyhydroxide of TM with an average particle diameter (D50) in the range of from 0.1 μm to 5 mm; (b) subjecting the hydroxide or oxyhydroxide of TM to a stream of gas with a temperature in the range of from 150 to 2000° C., wherein TM contains nickel and at least one further transition metal selected from cobalt and manganese.

A process for making a mixed metal oxide, may involve: (a) providing a hydroxide or oxyhydroxide of TM with an average particle diameter (D50) in the range of from 0.1 μm to 5 mm; (b) subjecting the hydroxide or oxyhydroxide of TM to a stream of gas with a temperature in the range of from 150 to 2000° C., wherein TM contains nickel and at least one further transition metal selected from cobalt and manganese.

The present invention provides a composite oxide that can achieve a high low-temperature output characteristic, a method for manufacturing the same, and a positive electrode active material in which the generation of soluble lithium is suppressed and a problem of gelation is not caused during the paste preparation. A positive electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, including a lithium-metal composite oxide powder including a secondary particle configured by aggregating primary particles containing lithium, nickel, manganese, and cobalt, or a lithium-metal composite oxide powder including both the primary particles and the secondary particle. The secondary particle has a porous structure inside as a main inside structure, the slurry pH is 11.5 or less, the soluble lithium content rate is 0.5 [% by mass] or less, the specific surface area is 3.0 to 4.0 [m.sup.2/g], and the porosity is more than 50 to 80 [%].

The present invention provides a method of preparing an MOF-coated monocrystal ternary positive electrode material. Firstly, a solution A of nickel, cobalt and manganese metal salts, an ammonia complexing agent solution and a caustic soda liquid are added to a reactor for reaction to obtain a precursor core; then, an organic carboxylate is dissolved in an amount of an organic solvent to obtain a solution B; the solution B and a manganese metal salt solution with a given concentration are added to the reactor and aged to obtain an MOF-coated core-shell structure precursor; the core-shell structure precursor is pre-sintered at a low temperature to obtain a nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide with monocrystal structure; the nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide with monocrystal structure is uniformly mixed with LiOH.H.sub.2O in a mortar and then calcined at a high temperature to obtain an MOF-coated monocrystal ternary positive electrode material.

The present disclosure provides a cobalt-free lamellar cathode material of a lithium ion battery, a method for preparing the cobalt-free lamellar cathode material, and a lithium ion battery. The cobalt-free lamellar cathode material comprises lamellar nickel lithium manganate of monocrystal morphology and zinc oxide coated onto a surface of the nickel lithium manganate, wherein a general formula of the nickel lithium manganate is LiNi.sub.xMn.sub.1−xO.sub.2, and 0.95. Therefore, manganese ions in nickel lithium manganate can be effectively prevented from being dissolved by an electrolyte of the lithium ion battery by coating the surface of the lamellar nickel lithium manganate of monocrystal morphology with zinc oxide, such that the specific capacity, the first time charge efficiency (first efficiency for short) and the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery can be further effectively improved.

The positive electrode active material has high capacity and high output and exhibiting excellent cycle characteristics when being used for a positive electrode of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. A positive electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery contains: a lithium-metal composite oxide containing secondary particles with a plurality of aggregated primary particles; and a compound containing lithium and tungsten present on surfaces of the primary particles. The amount of tungsten contained in the compound containing lithium and tungsten is 0.5 atom % or more and 3.0 atom % or less in terms of a ratio of the number of atoms of W with respect to the total number of atoms of Ni, Co, and an element M, and a conductivity when the positive electrode active material is compressed to 4.0 g/cm.sup.3 as determined by powder resistance measurement is 6×10.sup.−3 S/cm or less.