The present disclosure relates to a novel ruthenium oxide, a method of preparing the same, and a catalyst for selective hydrogenation of an aromatic compound or an unsaturated compound including the ruthenium oxide.

The present disclosure relates to a novel ruthenium oxide, a method of preparing the same, and a catalyst for selective hydrogenation of an aromatic compound or an unsaturated compound including the ruthenium oxide.

To provide a manganese-iridium composite oxide, a manganese-iridium composite oxide and a manganese-iridium composite oxide electrode material, having high catalytic activity produced at low cost, to be used as an anode catalyst for oxygen evolution in water electrolysis, and their production methods.

A manganese-iridium composite oxide, which has an iridium metal content ratio (iridium/(manganese+indium)) of 0.1 atomic % or more and 30 atomic % or less, and has interplanar spacings of at least 0.243±0.002 nm, 0.214±0.002 nm, 0.165±0.002 nm, 0.140±0.002 nm, and a manganese-iridium composite oxide electrode material comprising an electrically conductive substrate constituted by fibers at least part of which are covered with the above manganese-iridium composite oxide.

Disclosed is a noble metal-manganese oxide composite catalyst for a positive electrode of an aqueous rechargeable battery that can regenerate a solvent of an aqueous electrolyte. Also disclosed are a method for preparing the composite catalyst, a positive electrode for an aqueous rechargeable battery including the composite catalyst, and an aqueous rechargeable battery including the positive electrode. The composite catalyst can regenerate reaction products, including gases continuously generated from spontaneous corrosion of the electrodes or side reactions, back to water to prevent depletion of the electrolyte. Due to this ability, the composite catalyst improves the life characteristics of the battery and suppresses the occurrence of excessive overpotentials at the electrodes. Therefore, the use of the composite catalyst is effective in preventing the performance of the battery from deteriorating. In addition, the composite catalyst can prevent an increase in the internal pressure of the battery resulting from gas generation and reduce the risk of fire or explosion, contributing to a significant improvement in the safety of the battery.

Disclosed is a noble metal-manganese oxide composite catalyst for a positive electrode of an aqueous rechargeable battery that can regenerate a solvent of an aqueous electrolyte. Also disclosed are a method for preparing the composite catalyst, a positive electrode for an aqueous rechargeable battery including the composite catalyst, and an aqueous rechargeable battery including the positive electrode. The composite catalyst can regenerate reaction products, including gases continuously generated from spontaneous corrosion of the electrodes or side reactions, back to water to prevent depletion of the electrolyte. Due to this ability, the composite catalyst improves the life characteristics of the battery and suppresses the occurrence of excessive overpotentials at the electrodes. Therefore, the use of the composite catalyst is effective in preventing the performance of the battery from deteriorating. In addition, the composite catalyst can prevent an increase in the internal pressure of the battery resulting from gas generation and reduce the risk of fire or explosion, contributing to a significant improvement in the safety of the battery.

A calcium ruthenate composition of matter includes a compound of calcium, ruthenium and oxygen with a chemical formula of Ca.sub.aRu.sub.bO.sub.c and with ‘a’ greater than or equal to 2.75 and less than or equal to 3.25, ‘b’ greater than or equal to 0.75 and less than or equal to 1.25, and ‘c’ greater than or equal to 5.75 and less than or equal to 6.25. The Ca.sub.aRu.sub.bO.sub.c is an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst, an oxygen reduction reaction catalyst, and/or a catalyst for the hydrolysis of a hydrogen containing compound.

A calcium ruthenate composition of matter includes a compound of calcium, ruthenium and oxygen with a chemical formula of Ca.sub.aRu.sub.bO.sub.c and with ‘a’ greater than or equal to 2.75 and less than or equal to 3.25, ‘b’ greater than or equal to 0.75 and less than or equal to 1.25, and ‘c’ greater than or equal to 5.75 and less than or equal to 6.25. The Ca.sub.aRu.sub.bO.sub.c is an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst, an oxygen reduction reaction catalyst, and/or a catalyst for the hydrolysis of a hydrogen containing compound.

A mixed conductor represented by Formula 1:
A.sub.4±xTi.sub.5−yG.sub.zO.sub.12−δ  Formula 1 wherein, in Formula 1, A is a monovalent cation, G is at least one of a monovalent cation, a divalent cation, a trivalent cation, a tetravalent cation, a pentavalent cation, or a hexavalent cation, with the proviso that G is not Ti or Cr, wherein 0<x<2, 0.3<y<5, 0<z<5, and 0<δ≤3.

Carboxylic acids are prepared by a one-step gas phase process comprising the step of contacting under halogen-free hydroxycarbonylation conditions an alkene, carbon monoxide, water, and a solid sulfide-containing catalyst.

Carboxylic acids are prepared by a one-step gas phase process comprising the step of contacting under halogen-free hydroxycarbonylation conditions an alkene, carbon monoxide, water, and a solid sulfide-containing catalyst.