Described are cementitious reagent materials produced from globally abundant inorganic feedstocks. Also described are methods for the manufacture of such cementitious reagent materials and forming the reagent materials as microspheroidal glassy particles. Also described are apparatuses, systems and methods for the thermochemical production of glassy cementitious reagents with spheroidal morphology. The apparatuses, systems and methods makes use of an in-flight melting/quenching technology such that solid particles are flown in suspension, melted in suspension, and then quenched in suspension. The cementitious reagents can be used in concrete to substantially reduce the CO.sub.2 emission associated with cement production.

A method for melting vitrifiable materials to produce flat glass, including: providing a furnace including: a melting tank, a fining tank, a neck, at least one inlet means located at the melting tank, an outlet means located downstream of the fining tank, and at least one extraction means of a flue gas located at the at least one upstream zone; charging the vitrifiable materials including raw materials and cullet in the melting tank with the at least one inlet means; cullet pre-heating; melting the vitrifiable materials in the melting tank; fining the melt in the fining tank; flowing the melt from the fining tank to a working zone through the outlet means; and capturing CO.sub.2 from the flue gas.

Described herein is a method for combining waste-loaded zeolites and geopolymers with glass-forming components to produce materials with improved chemical durability and stability.

An apparatus for charging a heating element for heating a glass melt, to restart a vitrified melting furnace, during emergency stop of the vitrified melting furnace for vitrifying radioactive waste is disclosed. The apparatus for charging a heating element into a vitrified melting furnace according to the present invention comprises a main frame, a universal joint positioned at one end of the main frame, at least one heating element binding portion rotating by being connected to the universal joint, and a gripper positioned at an end of the heating element binding portion, gripping the heating element.

Methods and apparatuses recycle glass from used solar modules. Particular embodiments combine optical interrogation such as X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) with computer-controlled dispensing, in order to obtain refined glass having substantially uniform properties. Such glass properties can include but are not limited to one or more of: elemental content (e.g., Iron), optical transmittance, physical resilience (e.g., resistance to weather damage), and texturee.g., to assist in forming an anti-reflective coating (ARC) and/or encapsulant adhesion. Such optical interrogation is combined with computer-controlled dispensing that regulates the release of glass material through a gate, until one or more specific criterion are met.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing glass beads using waste glass and to the glass beads themselves, and more specifically, it pertains to a method for manufacturing glass beadsparticularly glass beads for road markingsby recovering waste glass such as waste automotive glass, waste solar panel glass, and general broken glass. To achieve the above objective, the method for manufacturing glass beads using waste glass according to the present invention includes the step of: a) separating waste glass from a waste solar panel. In this method for manufacturing glass beads using waste glass, step a) includes the process of heating the waste solar panel to a predetermined temperature and cutting the adhesive surface between the waste glass and the backsheet of the waste solar panel using a knife heated to a predetermined temperature.

A molten material liquid level detection method that can detect a liquid level of molten material from a residual amount of the molten material with high accuracy and a method for operating a vertical furnace by using the detection method. The molten material liquid level detection method detects a liquid level of molten material remaining in a bottom portion of a vertical furnace after end of discharge of a molten material. The molten material liquid level detection method includes calculating a void fraction of the solid-filled structure, and detecting a liquid level of the molten material after the end of the discharge by using the calculated void fraction and a residual amount of the molten material after the end of the discharge.