Masking compositions useful for dental restoration, particularly masking compositions used as a coating to mask the unnatural color of milled lithium-silicate glass-ceramic dental restorations in soft states before crystallization cycle, and method of making same. Some embodiments relate to masking compositions comprising at least one glaze powder, at least one opacifier, and at least one colorant. Some embodiments relate to coating, drying, cooling, characterizing, and firing of dental restorations.

A composition for solar cell electrodes, a solar cell electrode, and a solar cell, the composition including silver powder; glass frit; an organic vehicle; and an epoxy group-containing silicon compound, wherein the glass frit includes bismuth and tellurium, and the organic vehicle includes a cellulose resin.

A coated glass or glass ceramic article is provided that has a so-called dead front effect, where display features or icons are not visible in the off state. In some embodiments, the glass or glass ceramic article includes a sheet-like glass or glass ceramic substrate having two opposite faces, where the substrate exhibits, in a visible spectral range from 380 nm to 780 nm, light transmittance .sub.vis of at least 1% for visible light that passes through from one face to the opposite face. An opaque coating on one face that exhibits, in the visible spectral range from 380 nm to 780 nm, light transmittance .sub.vis of not more than 5%. An opening is provided in the opaque coating. The opening allowing light that is incident on the surface of the opaque coating to pass through the coating and through the glass or glass ceramic substrate. The opening has a width of not more than 80 m at the glass or glass ceramic substrate.

A coated glass or glass ceramic article is provided that has a so-called dead front effect, where display features or icons are not visible in the off state. In some embodiments, the glass or glass ceramic article includes a sheet-like glass or glass ceramic substrate having two opposite faces, where the substrate exhibits, in a visible spectral range from 380 nm to 780 nm, light transmittance .sub.vis of at least 1% for visible light that passes through from one face to the opposite face. An opaque coating on one face that exhibits, in the visible spectral range from 380 nm to 780 nm, light transmittance .sub.vis of not more than 5%. An opening is provided in the opaque coating. The opening allowing light that is incident on the surface of the opaque coating to pass through the coating and through the glass or glass ceramic substrate. The opening has a width of not more than 80 m at the glass or glass ceramic substrate.

An antimicrobial ceramic glazing composition contains one or more antimicrobial agents disposed therein. Methods for making and using the glazing composition are disclosed, as well as substrates having a fired antimicrobial glaze thereon. The antimicrobial agents comprise metallic oxides, with a subset of the disclosed combinations exhibiting synergistic effect in fired glazes.

An antimicrobial ceramic glazing composition contains one or more antimicrobial agents disposed therein. Methods for making and using the glazing composition are disclosed, as well as substrates having a fired antimicrobial glaze thereon. The antimicrobial agents comprise metallic oxides, with a subset of the disclosed combinations exhibiting synergistic effect in fired glazes.

An antimicrobial ceramic glazing composition contains one or more antimicrobial agents disposed therein. Methods for making and using the glazing composition are disclosed, as well as substrates having a fired antimicrobial glaze thereon. The antimicrobial agents comprise metallic oxides, with a subset of the disclosed combinations exhibiting synergistic effect in fired glazes.

Embodiments of the invention relate to compositions including a yttrium-based fluoride crystal phase, or a yttrium-based oxyfluoride crystal phase, or an oxyfluoride amorphous phase, or a combination of these materials. The compositions may be used to form a solid substrate for use as a semiconductor processing apparatus, or the compositions may be used to form a coating which is present upon a surface of substrates having a melting point which is higher than about 1600, substrates such as aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, quartz, silicon carbide and silicon nitride, by way of example.

A laminated glazing comprising a first ply of glazing material and a second ply of glazing material joined by at least one ply of adhesive interlayer material is disclosed. The first ply of glazing material comprises a sheet of glass having a first composition and the second ply of glazing material comprises a sheet of glass having a second composition different to the first composition. The laminated glazing has (i) a peripheral region extending around the periphery of the laminated glazing, the laminated glazing having a surface compression stress in the peripheral region and (ii) an edge compression, wherein the magnitude of edge compression is greater than the magnitude of the surface compression stress in the peripheral region. A method of making such a laminated is provided. A glass sheet suitable for being incorporated in such a laminated glazing is also disclosed.

A laminated glazing comprising a first ply of glazing material and a second ply of glazing material joined by at least one ply of adhesive interlayer material is disclosed. The first ply of glazing material comprises a sheet of glass having a first composition and the second ply of glazing material comprises a sheet of glass having a second composition different to the first composition. The laminated glazing has (i) a peripheral region extending around the periphery of the laminated glazing, the laminated glazing having a surface compression stress in the peripheral region and (ii) an edge compression, wherein the magnitude of edge compression is greater than the magnitude of the surface compression stress in the peripheral region. A method of making such a laminated is provided. A glass sheet suitable for being incorporated in such a laminated glazing is also disclosed.