A method of production of glass reaction vessels includes irradiating a laser beam of a wavelength for which a first glass plate is transparent onto the surface of the first glass plate. The first hiss plate is etched. Etching of the first glass plate is terminated when the recesses extend, over only a portion of the thickness of the first glass plate and therefore the recesses have a bottom formed in the first glass plate as a single piece.

A transparent substrate having an antiglare function includes first and second faces. The transparent substrate has a resolution index value T, a reflected image diffusivity index value R, and a sparkle index value S satisfying T≥0.25, R≥0.8, and 0.75≤S≤0.95, respectively. The resolution index value T is calculated as (luminance of zero-degrees transmission light)/(luminance of total transmission light). The reflected image diffusivity index value R is calculated as (R.sub.2+R.sub.3)/(2×R.sub.1), where R.sub.1 denotes a luminance of reflected light reflected at first angle α.sub.1, and R.sub.2, R.sub.3 denote luminance of reflected light at the second angle α.sub.2, the third angle α.sub.3, respectively, with respect to the first angle α.sub.1. The sparkle index value S is calculated as 1−(S.sub.a/S.sub.s), where the first sparkle S.sub.a and the second sparkle S.sub.s denote a sparkle value of the transparent substrate and a sparkle value of a glass substrate, respectively.

A transparent substrate having an antiglare function includes first and second faces. The transparent substrate has a resolution index value T, a reflected image diffusivity index value R, and a sparkle index value S satisfying T≥0.25, R≥0.8, and 0.75≤S≤0.95, respectively. The resolution index value T is calculated as (luminance of zero-degrees transmission light)/(luminance of total transmission light). The reflected image diffusivity index value R is calculated as (R.sub.2+R.sub.3)/(2×R.sub.1), where R.sub.1 denotes a luminance of reflected light reflected at first angle α.sub.1, and R.sub.2, R.sub.3 denote luminance of reflected light at the second angle α.sub.2, the third angle α.sub.3, respectively, with respect to the first angle α.sub.1. The sparkle index value S is calculated as 1−(S.sub.a/S.sub.s), where the first sparkle S.sub.a and the second sparkle S.sub.s denote a sparkle value of the transparent substrate and a sparkle value of a glass substrate, respectively.

An inhibited hydrofluoric acid aqueous composition, said composition comprising: hydrofluoric acid in solution; and a weak base selected from the group consisting of: lysine, arginine, histidine, glutamine, asparagine, tryptophan, and tyrosine; wherein said weak base and hydrofluoric acid are present in a molar ratio of at least 1:1. Also disclosed is a mud acid using this inhibited acid composition.

An inhibited hydrofluoric acid aqueous composition, said composition comprising: hydrofluoric acid in solution; and a weak base selected from the group consisting of: lysine, arginine, histidine, glutamine, asparagine, tryptophan, and tyrosine; wherein said weak base and hydrofluoric acid are present in a molar ratio of at least 1:1. Also disclosed is a mud acid using this inhibited acid composition.

Systems and methods for flow cells are provided. Flow cells may encompass a range of fluidic devices for various applications ranging from microfluidic systems to bulk phase flow systems. Flow cells may comprise one or more components for passive or active fluid transfer. Descriptions are provided for advantageous methods of fabricating flow cells for particular applications such as biological assays. Provided is a composition, comprising a first substrate comprising a first covalently-bound ligand; and a second substrate comprising a second covalently-bound ligand; wherein the first covalently-bound ligand and the second covalently-bound ligand are covalently bonded to form a heterocyclic compound. Also provided is a flow cell device, comprising: a first substrate comprising a microfabricated surface; and a second substrate comprising a non-patterned surface; wherein the first substrate is joined to the second substrate to form an enclosure; and wherein the microfabricated surface comprises at least one chamber, wherein the chamber comprises a microarray of active sites with specific functionalization separated by an optically resolvable distance and a functionalized surface comprising a passivating group or a blocking group; and wherein each active site of the microarray of active sites comprises a capture agent.

A method for treating a lead-containing glass that makes it possible to limit the migration of the lead contained in this glass, the method successively comprising the following distinct steps: a step of placing the lead-containing glass in contact with a solution comprising perchloric acid; a step of heat treatment of the glass at a temperature less than or equal to the glass transition temperature of the glass.

A borosilicate-based composition, including: 50-85 mol. % SiO.sub.2, 10-40 mol. % B.sub.2O.sub.3, >0-5 mol. % SnO.sub.2, and >0-20 mol. % of at least one alkali oxide selected from Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, K.sub.2O, Rb.sub.2O, and Cs.sub.2O, such that the composition has a Young's Modulus less than 64 GPa.

A glass substrate includes a pair of main surfaces including a first main surface and a second main surface opposed to the first main surface; an edge surface arranged along a direction orthogonal to the pair of main surfaces; and a connecting surface arranged between the first main surface and the edge surface. The connecting surface has a plurality of pores. A difference between a 50% particle diameter of the pores in a portion 20 μm distant from the first main surface and a 50% particle diameter in a portion 20 μm distant from the edge surface is 10 μm or less.

A method for microstructuring a plate-shaped glass substrate by laser radiation includes: introducing one-sided recesses into the glass substrate, in which a focus of the laser radiation forms a spatial beam along a beam axis and in which the laser radiation creates modifications in the glass substrate along the beam axis so that an action of an etching medium subsequently creates the recesses in the glass substrate through anisotropic removal of material in a respective region of the modifications. A chemical composition of the glass substrate is partially changed and thus at least one region of changed properties is created before the action of the etching medium.