A glass with a reinforced layer is provided, including a glass body and the reinforced layer formed in a surface of the glass body. The compressive stress of the reinforced layer trends to decrease non-linearly from the surface of the glass body to the interior of the glass body. The compressive stress curve of the reinforced layer has an inflection point. The gradient of a first curve section in front of the inflection point is greater than the gradient of a second curve section behind the inflection point. The overall refractive index of the reinforced layer trends to decrease non-linearly from the surface of the glass body to the interior of the glass body. The refractive index curve of the reinforced layer has at least two inflection points. Furthermore, a method for preparing the glass with a reinforced layer is provided.

Disclosed is a joined ceramic body comprising a first ceramic portion comprising a first ceramic, a second ceramic portion comprising a second ceramic, and a joining layer formed between the first ceramic portion and the second ceramic portion. The joining layer has a bond thickness of from 0.5 to 20 um and comprises silicon dioxide having a total impurity content of 20 ppm and less. A method of making the joined ceramic body and a joining material are also disclosed.

A soda lime glass plate has, on the basis of oxides, a total sulfur content in terms of SO.sub.3 of 0.001 to 0.2% in mass %, a total iron content in terms of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 of 0.15 to 0.4% in mass %, and a total tin content in terms of SnO.sub.2 of 0.02 to 1% in mass %, and has a mass proportion of a divalent iron in terms of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 in the total iron in terms of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 of 45 to 70%. The soda lime glass plate has, as a conversion value for a 3.85 mm-thickness glass plate, a visible light transmittance Tv_A of 70% or more, a total solar transmittance Tts of 63.7% or less, and c* in the L*a*b* color space of 4 or less.

The present invention relates to a glass ceramic for veneering a dental frame structure, wherein said glass ceramic is characterized by a high content of B.sub.2O.sub.3, to a process for the preparation thereof, and to the use thereof in the production of dental restorations.

A formed or non-flat formed glass is provided that exhibits high transmittance to electromagnetic radiation in a range of wavelengths from 200 nm to 1500 nm. The transmittance for the formed or non-flat formed glass having a thickness of 1 mm is 20% or more at a wavelength of 254 nm, 82% or more at a wavelength of 300 nm, 90% or more at a wavelength of 350 nm, 92% or more at a wavelength of 546 nm, 92.5% or more at a wavelength of 1400 nm, 91.5% or more in a wavelength range from 380 nm to 780 nm, and 92.5% or more in a wavelength range from 780 nm to 1500 nm.

The present invention relates to a glass for a pharmaceutical container that is excellent in ultraviolet shielding ability, and is also excellent in chemical durability. The glass for a pharmaceutical container of the present invention includes as a glass composition, in terms of mass %, 67% to 81% of SiO.sub.2, more than 4% to 7% of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 7% to 14% of B.sub.2O.sub.3, 3% to 12% of Na.sub.2O+K.sub.2O, 0% to 1.8% of CaO+BaO, 0.5% to less than 2% of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, and 1% to 5% of TiO.sub.2, and satisfies a relationship of CaO/BaO≤0.5.

A glass-ceramic that includes a first crystal phase including (Mg.sub.xZn.sub.1-x)Al.sub.2O.sub.4, where x is ≤1, and a second crystal phase including tetragonal ZrO.sub.2. The glass-ceramic may be substantially free of arsenic, tin, antimony, and cesium, each of the arsenic, tin, antimony, and cesium present at less than 0.01% (by mole of oxide). Further, the glass-ceramic may include a transmittance of at least about 80% to light having a wavelength of 380 nm to 760 nm.

A glass-ceramic article includes from 60 mol % to 72 mol % SiO2; from 2.5 mol % to 8 mol % Al.sub.2O.sub.3; from 17 mol % to 26 mol % Li.sub.2O; from 0.2 mol % to 4 mol % ZrO.sub.2; and from 0.5 mol % to 2 mol % P.sub.2O.sub.5. The sum of alkaline earth oxides and transitional metal oxides in the glass-ceramic article may be from 0.1 mol % to 6 mol %, wherein alkaline earth oxides is the sum of CaO, MgO, SrO, and BaO and transition metal oxides is the sum of La.sub.2O.sub.3, Y.sub.2O.sub.3, Ta.sub.2O.sub.5, and GeO.sub.2. The sum of P.sub.2O.sub.5 and ZrO.sub.2 in the glass-ceramic article may be from 1 mol % to 6 mol %. The glass-ceramic article may comprise a crystalline phase comprising lithium disilicate and petalite. The total amount of lithium disilicate and petalite in the crystalline phase of the glass-ceramic article may be greater than 50 wt %, based on a total weight of the crystalline phase.

A light source device includes: a laser diode; a substrate directly or indirectly supporting the laser diode; and a cap secured to the substrate and covering the laser diode. The cap includes a first glass portion configured to transmit laser light that is emitted from the laser diode, and a second glass portion. At least one of the first glass portion and the second glass portion includes an alkaline glass region. The first glass portion and the second glass portion are bonded together via an electrically conductive layer that is in contact with the alkaline glass region.

A glass-ceramic article includes a crystalline phase; a residual glass phase; greater than or equal to 52 mol % and less than or equal to 70 mol % SiO.sub.2, greater than or equal to 14 mol % and less than or equal to 35 mol % Li.sub.2O, greater than or equal to 0.1 mol % and less than or equal to 15 mol % CaO, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol % and less than or equal to 10 mol % ZrO.sub.2; and greater than or equal to 0.5 mol % and less than or equal to 5 mol % P.sub.2O.sub.5.