Device and methods for use in a biosensor comprising a multisite array of test sites, the device and methods being useful for modulating the binding interactions between a (biomolecular) probe or detection agent and an analyte of interest by modulating the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor. An electrochemically active agent that is suitable for use in biological buffers for changing the pH of the biological buffers. Method for changing the pH of biological buffers using the electrochemically active agents. The methods of modulating the binding interactions provided in a biosensor, analytic methods for more accurately controlling and measuring the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor, and analytic methods for more accurately measuring an analyte of interest in a biological sample.

The present invention provides processes for the preparation of 3, 5-Dihydroxy-4-isopropyl-trans-stilbene or a salt or solvate thereof and novel intermediates used therein. In some embodiments the 3, 5-Dihydroxy-4-isopropyl-trans-stilbene is prepared from (E)-2-chloro-2-isopropyl-5-styrylcyclohexane-1,3-dione. Also disclosed are crystal forms of 3, 5-Dihydroxy-4-isopropyl-trans-stilbene or a salt or solvate thereof and pharmaceutical compositions comprising same.

In alternative embodiments, provided are industrial processes and methods for extracting or removing cannabinoids, flavonoids and terpenes from plant materials such as trichomes. In alternative embodiments, the cannabinoids, flavonoids and terpenes are extracted or removed from the plant materials using a non-polar, organic solvent, or a mixture of non-polar, organic solvent and polar, organic solvent.

A process for selectively recovering a phenolic compound from feedstock comprising bio-crude and/or bio-oil is described. The recovery efficiency of the selected phenolic compound is greater than 70 wt % and the purity of the recovered selected phenolic compound is higher than 80 wt %. The process comprises distilling the feedstock to isolate the selected phenolic compound in a first distillate fraction comprising the selected phenolic compound, concentrating the selected phenolic compound from the first distillate fraction in a concentrated mixture, and purifying the concentrated mixture to recover the selected phenolic compound.

The present invention provides methods of extraction of at least one cannabinoid from an initial cannabis biomass in one-pot step using toluene to form a toluene extract and using the toluene extract for producing high concentrations of -9-tetrahydrocannabinol (9THC) and/or cannabinol (CBN) of a purity of at least 75% and at a yield of at least 75% by weight of the at least one cannabinoid from the initial cannabis biomass in the toluene extract.

A process for producing cannabidiol from hemp and cannabis plants is disclosed. The steps of the process include the steps of: plant conditioning and size reduction, infusing with an extraction agent, separating a solid biomass and a liquid phase, treating the liquid phase with a removal agent, decarboxylation, removal of impurities; and color removal. The resulting cannabidiol conversion efficiency is over 90% and a TCH content within the legal limits for commercial cannabidiol.

The present disclosure relates to scalable processes for extracting, refining and fractionating extracts of natural products, such as plant material and for providing well controlled refined extracts.

The present invention discloses a method for extracting cannabidiol from dried, milled and decarboxylated hemp by submitting to a subcritical liquid carbon dioxide extraction followed by a mild liquid carbon dioxide separation.

The present invention provides processes for the preparation of 3,5-Dihydroxy-4-isopropyl-trans-stilbene or a salt or solvate thereof and novel intermediates used therein. In some embodiments the 3,5-Dihydroxy-4-isopropyl-trans-stilbene is prepared from (E)-2-chloro-2-isopropyl-5-styrylcyclohexane-1,3-dione. Also disclosed are crystal forms of 3,5-Dihydroxy-4-isopropyl-trans-stilbene or a salt or solvate thereof and pharmaceutical compositions comprising same.

Systems, methods and apparatus for fractioning mixtures comprising combinations of volatiles, essentially non-volatiles and non-volatile solutes are disclosed. Embodiments of a burst atomization fractionation apparatus comprises an atomization chamber into which a liquid mixture is atomized across a pressure gradient. In various embodiments, a mixture for fractionation comprises mixtures of solvents, solvents and oils, used engine oil, or salt water. In various examples, a solute undergoes a chemical transformation during the fractionation process, such as dehydrogenation, dehydration, or decarboxylation.