A process for the preparation of dihalodiphenylsulfones such as 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone or 4,4′-bis-(4-chlorophenylsulfonyl)biphenyl with high regioselectivity, at low temperature and in the absence of toxic reagents by reacting together at least one acid, at least one fluorinated anhydride and at least one halobenzene. The invented process is particularly suited for the manufacture of 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone.

Provided are methods of producing sulfur- and phosphorus-containing polymers from beta-lactones. The sulfur- and phosphorus-containing polymers include bio-based sulfur- and phosphorus-containing polymers that may be obtained from renewable sources.

Provided are methods of producing sulfur- and phosphorus-containing polymers from beta-lactones. The sulfur- and phosphorus-containing polymers include bio-based sulfur- and phosphorus-containing polymers that may be obtained from renewable sources.

The invention provides methods of preparing 8-hydroxy-2,2,14,14-tetramethylpentadecanedioic acid and methods of making a pharmaceutical material comprising a purified amount of 8-hydroxy-2,2,14, 14-tetramethylpentadecanedioic acid. Also provided are compositions and pharmaceutical materials including a purified amount of 8-hydroxy-2,2,14,14-tetramethylpentadecanedioic acid as well as methods of treating various diseases and conditions using the compositions and pharmaceutical materials.

The invention provides methods of preparing 8-hydroxy-2,2,14,14-tetramethylpentadecanedioic acid and methods of making a pharmaceutical material comprising a purified amount of 8-hydroxy-2,2,14, 14-tetramethylpentadecanedioic acid. Also provided are compositions and pharmaceutical materials including a purified amount of 8-hydroxy-2,2,14,14-tetramethylpentadecanedioic acid as well as methods of treating various diseases and conditions using the compositions and pharmaceutical materials.

The disclosure provides a compound comprising bisphosphonate functional group and chelating agent. The bisphosphonate functional group part has high affinity for bone tissue, and the chelating agent part has high affinity for metal tracer such as radioisotope. The disclosed compound could be rapidly adsorbed onto the bone surface, and could steady emit ionizing radiation. Therefore, the disclosed compound is suitable for bone scanning technology to find abnormalities in bone.

Among other things the invention provides novel flame-retardant compounds useful for increasing the flame retardance of polymers.

The present invention is directed to a method of treating an inflammatory skin disease or disorder, such as dermatitis, psoriasis, acne, or rosacea. The method comprises administering to the subject 4-methylsulfonyl-2-butenenitrile, in an amount effective to reduce or eliminate the symptoms of the inflammatory skin disease or disorder. Topical administration and oral administration are preferred routes of administration.

A diphenylsulfone compound containing 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone is produced in good yield in a short time and at a relatively low temperature. A diphenylsulfone compound represented by formula (2) below is produced by irradiating, with microwaves, a compound represented by formula (1) below and a sulfonating agent so that a dehydration condensation reaction is carried out.

##STR00001##

A diphenylsulfone compound containing 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone is produced in good yield in a short time and at a relatively low temperature. A diphenylsulfone compound represented by formula (2) below is produced by irradiating, with microwaves, a compound represented by formula (1) below and a sulfonating agent so that a dehydration condensation reaction is carried out.

##STR00001##