A total green, eco-friendly process for the synthesis of new acceptor molecule [6,6]-phenyl-C.sub.61-butyric acid pentyl ester (PC61BP) in high yields is carried under aerobic conditions showing better performance as acceptor in organic solar cells. More importantly this process causes the low cost synthesis of PC61BP in good yield without involving harmful and costly catalysts or chemicals.

The present invention relates to new fullerene derivatives of formulae 1a-d, 2 and 3: ##STR00001##
method of synthesizing said derivatives, and applications thereof in organic photovoltaics, e.g., organic solar cells. In particular, the fullerene derivatives of the present invention are soluble in non-halogenated solvents such that an environmental-friendly and low-cost fabrication method for industrialization of solar cell based on the new fullerene derivatives is provided. An ink formulation for forming a thin film on a substrate of organic photovoltaics comprising at least one of the fullerene derivatives of the present invention is also provided. Greater than 3% power conversion efficiency of the organic solar cells (area=0.16 cm.sup.2) formed based on the fullerene derivatives of the present invention with less pollution and lower cost in fabrication can be achieved in the present invention.

The present disclosure relates to novel fullerene derivatives, positive and negative photoresist compositions prepared therefrom and methods of using them. The derivatives, their photoresist compositions and the methods are ideal for high speed, fine pattern processing using, for example, ultraviolet radiation, extreme ultraviolet radiation, beyond extreme ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, electron beam and other charged particle rays.

The invention relates to improved fullerene derivatives, to methods for their synthesis and any educts or intermediates used in such methods, to compositions and formulations containing fullerene derivatives, to the use of the fullerene derivatives, compositions and formulations in, or for the preparation of, organic electronic (OE) devices like for example organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices or organic photodetectors (OPD), and to OE, OPV and OPD devices comprising, or being prepared from, these fullerene derivatives, compositions or formulations.

A process of dissolving [6,6]-phenyl-C.sub.60-butyric-N-2-dimethylaminoethyl ester in a solvent to produce a first mixture. A reagent is added to the first mixture to produce a second mixture. The second mixture is then refluxed to produce [6,6]-phenyl-C.sub.60-butyric-N-2-trimethylammonium ethyl ester iodide.

A process of dissolving

##STR00001##

in a solvent to produce a first mixture. To the first mixture a reagent is added to produce a second mixture. A HRR is then added to the second mixture to produce a third mixture. The third mixture is then refluxed to produce

##STR00002##

A process of dissolving

##STR00001##

in a solvent to produce a first mixture. To the first mixture a reagent is added to produce a second mixture. A HNRR is then added to the second mixture to produce a third mixture. The third mixture is then refluxed to produce

##STR00002##

The invention relates to fullerene derivatives of formula I, to mixtures and formulations containing them, to the use of the fullerene derivatives, mixtures and formulations as organic semiconductors in, or for the preparation of electronic devices, especially organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices and organic photodetectors (OPD), and to electronic devices comprising, or being prepared from, these fullerene derivatives, mixtures or formulations.

##STR00001##

The invention relates to novel fullerene derivatives, to methods for their preparation and educts or intermediates used therein, to mixtures and formulations containing them, to the use of the fullerene derivatives, mixtures and formulations as organic semiconductors in, or for the preparation of organic electronic (OE) devices, especially organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices and organic photodetectors (OPD), and to OE, OPV and OPD devices comprising, or being prepared from, these fullerene derivatives, mixtures or formulations.

##STR00001##

The invention provides compositions and methods for ameliorating, treating, reversing or preventing pathology or inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS), or the brain, caused or mediated by NFkB, IL-6, IL-6-R, NADPH oxidase (Nox), and/or superoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide production by a NADPH oxidase, including for example ameliorating, treating, reversing or preventing schizophrenia, psychosis, delirium, e.g., post-operative delirium, drug-induced psychosis, psychotic features associated with frailty syndrome (FS), aging, depression, dementias; traumatic war neurosis, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSS), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS, or Lou Gehrig's Disease), and/or Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The invention also provides methods for purifying a C60 fullerene, C.sub.3 (tris malonic acid C60) or malonic acid derivatives.