This specification discloses a novel methodology for labelling RNA via enzymatic incorporation of a minimally perturbing fluorescent tricyclic cytosine analogue. This analogue is shown to be 100% incorporated in example transcripts and is fully compatible with both in vitro and in cell transcription. Spectroscopic characterization shows that the incorporation rate of the cytosine analogue is on par with its natural counterpart. Using live cell imaging and flow cytometry, labelled mRNAs are efficiently and correctly translated upon transfection into living cells and cell-free systems. The spectral properties of the modified transcripts and their correct translation product allow for their straightforward and simultaneous visualization. This technology therefore offers a general route to understanding the biological behaviour of RNA of interest, including RNA based drugs. The fluorescent tricyclic cytosine analogue has formula (I):

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This specification discloses a novel methodology for labelling RNA via enzymatic incorporation of a minimally perturbing fluorescent tricyclic cytosine analogue. This analogue is shown to be 100% incorporated in example transcripts and is fully compatible with both in vitro and in cell transcription. Spectroscopic characterization shows that the incorporation rate of the cytosine analogue is on par with its natural counterpart. Using live cell imaging and flow cytometry, labelled mRNAs are efficiently and correctly translated upon transfection into living cells and cell-free systems. The spectral properties of the modified transcripts and their correct translation product allow for their straightforward and simultaneous visualization. This technology therefore offers a general route to understanding the biological behaviour of RNA of interest, including RNA based drugs. The fluorescent tricyclic cytosine analogue has formula (I):

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Disclosed is a method for preparing a C-nucleoside compound represented by Formula (III) or salt thereof. The present method has a high reaction yield, is simple to operate, uses a single metal reagent, has stable reaction temperature conditions, does not require frequent changes to the reaction system during the operation process, is suitable for scale-up synthesis, is suitable for large-scale production of Remdesivir, and has low costs.

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Disclosed is a method for preparing a C-nucleoside compound represented by Formula (III) or salt thereof. The present method has a high reaction yield, is simple to operate, uses a single metal reagent, has stable reaction temperature conditions, does not require frequent changes to the reaction system during the operation process, is suitable for scale-up synthesis, is suitable for large-scale production of Remdesivir, and has low costs.

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A modified cytidine compound, that is, an aminooxy group is modified at the 4-position of a cytidine pyrimidine ring to produce derivative cytidine and nucleic acid containing the derivative cytidine, such as RNA. The expression level of the nucleic acid containing the modified cytidine, in particular mRNA, in the body is significantly improved.

This invention relates to methods and compositions for coupling nucleic acid to a functionalized surface or support. In particular, the present invention provides an improved process for coupling aminated nucleic acid to a support functionalized with carboxylic acid groups, wherein the coupling reaction is conducted in the presence of an organic solvent. The invention further relates to compositions and kits for performing the coupling reaction and uses of nucleic acid-loaded supports for various applications.

It is provided the synthesis of an aptamer-like encoded oligomer (ALEnOmer), method of producing same and method of preparing a library of ALEnOmes. More particularly, the method of preparing ALEnOmer comprises coupling at least one phosphoramidite monomer with an orthogonal protecting group, and the ALEnOmer produces comprises a DNA coding strand covalently attached to an oligomer through a branching unit, wherein the oligomer has a degree of polymerization at least 5 and is an aptamer.

An oil-resistant agent containing an amide compound including a bio-based material modified with a long-chain hydrocarbon group having 7 to 40 carbon atoms and an amide group. Also disclosed is a fiber product containing the amide compound, and a water dispersion containing the amide compound.

Methods and devices are provided herein for surfaces for de novo nucleic acid synthesis which provide for low error rates. In addition, methods and devices are provided herein for increased nucleic acid mass yield resulting from de novo nucleic acid synthesis.

Methods and devices are provided herein for surfaces for de novo nucleic acid synthesis which provide for low error rates. In addition, methods and devices are provided herein for increased nucleic acid mass yield resulting from de novo nucleic acid synthesis.