The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for selectively killing senescent cells, wherein the selective killing of senescent cells delays aging and treats age-related disorders.

A method of preparing a modified-metal surface by attaching a phosphorous-based acid to a surface of a metal: preparing a solution of the phosphorous-based acid in a protic solvent; immersing a strip of a metal work piece into the solution of the phosphorous-based acid, immersing a strip of a reference metal into the solution of the phosphorous-based acid, supplying a voltage for a duration of time, removing the metal work piece, cleaning the metal work piece, and drying the cleaned metal work piece under an inert atmosphere to obtain a modified metal work piece.

A method of preparing a modified-metal surface by attaching a phosphorous-based acid to a surface of a metal: preparing a solution of the phosphorous-based acid in a protic solvent; immersing a strip of a metal work piece into the solution of the phosphorous-based acid, immersing a strip of a reference metal into the solution of the phosphorous-based acid, supplying a voltage for a duration of time, removing the metal work piece, cleaning the metal work piece, and drying the cleaned metal work piece under an inert atmosphere to obtain a modified metal work piece.

The invention relates to a polypeptide comprising an amino acid having a bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-ylmethanol (BCN) group, particularly when said BCN group is present as: a residue of a lysine amino acid. The invention also relates to a method of producing a polypeptide comprising a BCN group, said method comprising genetically incorporating an amino acid comprising a BCN group into a polypeptide. The invention also relates to an amino acid comprising bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-ylmethanol (BCN), particularly and amino acid which is bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-ylmethanol (BCN) lysine. In addition the invention relates to a PylRS tRNA synthetase comprising the mutations Y271M, L274G and C313A.

Methodology was developed for transformation of methionine residues into homocysteine derivatives. Methionine residues can undergo alkylation reactions at low pH to yield sulfonium ions, which can then be selectively demethylated to give alkyl homocysteine residues. This process tolerates many functional groups.

The present disclosure relates to methods of modifying phosphorylated or sulfated tyrosine residues of polypeptides or proteins. Benefits of the methods disclosed herein can include the specific modification of phosphorylated or sulfated tyrosine residues, and the identification, characterization and enrichment of tyrosine phosphorylated or sulfated peptides or proteins in complex biological mixtures.

Rapid, animal protein free, chromatographic processes and systems for obtaining high potency, high yield botulinum neurotoxin for research, therapeutic and cosmetic use.

Agents that inhibit the dimerization of a prototypic galectin such as galectin-7 are described. These agents, for example antibodies and peptides, bind to a domain corresponding to residues 13-25, 86-108 and/or 129-135 of human galectin-7. The use of such agents to inhibit a biological, physiological and/or pathological process that involves prototypic galectin dimerization, for example for, the inhibition of galectin-7-mediated apoptosis and the treatment of galectin-7-expressing cancers, is also described.

Mechanisms for molecule design using machine learning include: forming a first training set for a neural network using, for each of a first plurality of known molecules, a plurality of input values that represent the structure of the known molecule and a plurality of functional property values for the known molecule; training the neural network using the first training set; proposing a first plurality of proposed molecules, and predicting first predicted functional property values of the first plurality of proposed molecules that have the desired function property values; causing the first plurality of proposed molecules to be synthesized to form a first plurality of synthesized molecules; receiving first measured functional property values of the first plurality of synthesized molecules; and adding data regarding the first plurality of synthesized molecules to the first training set to form a second training set and retrain the neural network using the second training set.

The present invention relates to novel liquid pharmaceutical compositions of adalimumab, which include adalimumab or a biosimilar thereof, an acetate buffering agent/system such as sodium acetate/acetic acid, and a sugar stabiliser such as trehalose. Such a combination of components furnishes formulations having a stability (e.g. on storage and when exposed to stress) which is comparable to or an improvement upon those known in the art, and with fewer ingredients. Such advances will help adalimumab treatments to become more widely available at lower cost, and prolong the viability of pre-loaded delivery devices (e.g. pre-filled syringes) to reduce unnecessary waste of the drug.