The invention provides a composition comprising at least the following: an oil, and at least one compound selected from Compounds 1 through 3, or a combination thereof, as described herein. The composition can be used to improve the high pressure, free-radical polymerizations of ethylene-based interpolymers, and to reduce polymer build-up in reciprocation devices throughout the process.

The invention provides methods of reducing shrinkage stress in cross-linked polymerized materials by combining an addition-fragmentation chain transfer additive with a resin system prior to polymerization. The methods of the invention can improve the performance of conventional resin systems by reducing the shrinkage stress without significantly degrading the mechanical properties of the polymerized material. The shrinkage stress in the crosslinked polymeric materials produced by the methods of the invention may be from 25% to 75% of that of a control material produced by polymerization of the resin system alone to the same conversion.

The invention provides methods of reducing shrinkage stress in cross-linked polymerized materials by combining an addition-fragmentation chain transfer additive with a resin system prior to polymerization. The methods of the invention can improve the performance of conventional resin systems by reducing the shrinkage stress without significantly degrading the mechanical properties of the polymerized material. The shrinkage stress in the crosslinked polymeric materials produced by the methods of the invention may be from 25% to 75% of that of a control material produced by polymerization of the resin system alone to the same conversion.

The present invention relates to the use of at least one peroxide selected from the group consisting of hemiperoxyacetals, alone or in combination with one or more distinct additional peroxides, for the radical polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene under high pressure.

The invention also concerns a process for preparing polyethylene, comprising a step of radical polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene under high pressure in the presence of at least one peroxide selected from the group consisting of hemiperoxyacetals, alone or in combination with one or more distinct additional peroxides.

The present invention likewise pertains to a composition comprising ethylene, at least one peroxide selected from the group consisting of hemiperoxyacetals, and optionally one or more additional peroxides distinct from hemiperoxyacetals.

The present invention relates to the use of at least one peroxide selected from the group consisting of hemiperoxyacetals, alone or in combination with one or more distinct additional peroxides, for the radical polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene under high pressure.

The invention also concerns a process for preparing polyethylene, comprising a step of radical polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene under high pressure in the presence of at least one peroxide selected from the group consisting of hemiperoxyacetals, alone or in combination with one or more distinct additional peroxides.

The present invention likewise pertains to a composition comprising ethylene, at least one peroxide selected from the group consisting of hemiperoxyacetals, and optionally one or more additional peroxides distinct from hemiperoxyacetals.

An aqueous copolymer dispersion is obtained by a multi-stage emulsion polymerization process comprising polymerizing in a reaction zone in a first polymerization stage a first monomer composition comprising at least 88 wt % of a vinyl ester of a C.sub.1 to C.sub.18 carboxylic acid and up to 12 wt % ethylene to produce a first stage polymer having Tg>20° C.; and polymerizing in the reaction zone, in a second polymerization stage and in the presence of the first stage polymer, a second monomer composition comprising a vinyl ester of a C.sub.1 to C.sub.18 carboxylic acid and a C.sub.2 to C.sub.8 alkyl ester of (meth)acrylic acid to produce a second stage polymer having Tg≤20° C. Each of the polymerization stages is conducted in the presence of a stabilizing system comprising at least 0.1 wt % of a protective colloid and at least 0.05 wt % of an ionic surfactant.

The present disclosure provides methods of treating industrial processes with compositions, methods of manufacturing the compositions, and various anti-freezing compositions suitable for use in the industrial processes. The anti-freezing dispersant compositions may include, for example, sulfonated dispersants and winterization solvents. The anti-freezing dispersant compositions may prevent fouling in the industrial processes.

A multistage polymer is provided, comprising: acrylate rich stage comprising: (a) structural units of monoethylenically unsaturated non-ionic, acrylate rich stage monomer selected from C.sub.1-22 alkyl (meth)acrylates and mixtures thereof; and (b) carbosiloxane rich stage, comprising: structural units of carbosiloxane monomer of formula (I), wherein a is 0 to 3; wherein d is 0 or 1; wherein R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-10 alkyl group and aryl group; wherein R.sup.2 is selected from hydrogen and C.sub.1-10 alkyl group; wherein R.sup.8 is —O—Si(CH.sub.3).sub.2—O—Si(CH.sub.3).sub.3 group; wherein Y is selected from formula (II), (III) and (IV); wherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.6 are selected from hydrogen and methyl group; wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 are a C.sub.1-10 alkylene group; wherein R.sup.7 is C.sub.1-10 alkyl group; wherein b is 0 to 4 and wherein c is 0 or 1.

Provided is an addition condensation product of an aromatic compound and a carbonyl compound. The addition condensation product includes an aromatic compound dimer in which two composition units derived from the aromatic compounds are bonded via one composition unit derived from the carbonyl compound and an aromatic compound multimer in which each of three or more composition units derived from the aromatic compounds is bonded via one composition unit derived from the carbonyl compound. A ratio of the aromatic compound dimer to the aromatic compound multimer is in the range of 1:75 to 1:1,000.

A production method of an addition condensation product includes a step at which an aromatic compound, a carbonyl compound, and a catalyst are mixed in a reaction solvent, and an addition condensation reaction of the aromatic compound and the carbonyl compound is conducted in the temperature range of 60 to 97° C., both inclusive, to obtain the addition condensation product of the aromatic compound and the carbonyl compound. At the step to obtain the addition condensation product, 1 mole of the aromatic compound is mixed with 0.1 to 0.999 mole, both inclusive, of the carbonyl compound as the mole ratio. A ratio of the aromatic compound dimer to the aromatic compound multimer is in the range of 1:75 to 1:1,000.