The present invention provides multifunctional monomers, including, but not limited to include multifunctional methylene malonate and methylene beta-ketoester monomers; methods for producing the same; and compositions and products formed therefrom. The multifunctional monomers of the invention may be produced by transesterification or by direct synthesis from monofunctional methylene malonate monomers or methylene beta-ketoester monomers. The present invention further compositions and products formed from methylene beta-ketoester monomers of the invention, including monomer-based products (e.g., inks, adhesives, coatings, sealants or reactive molding) and polymer-based products (e.g., fibers, films, sheets, medical polymers, composite polymers and surfactants).

The present invention relates to resin particles including a residue unit represented by the following general formula (1) and having a volume average particle diameter equal to or more than 5 m and equal to or less than 2008 m, and a method for producing thereof. Fruthermore the present invention relates to a fluororesin comprising a residue unit represented by a general formula (1) and having a weight average molecular weight Mw in a range of 510.sup.4 to 310.sup.5, and a yellow index of a heat-melted molded product (thickness 3 mm) after 24 h at 280 C. of equal to or less than 6, and a method for producing thereof.

##STR00001##

In the formula (1), Rf.sub.1, Rf.sub.2, Rf.sub.3, and Rf.sub.4 are each independently one of the groups consisting of a fluorine atom, a linear perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a branched perfluoroalkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, or a cyclic perfluoroalkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms. The perfluoroalkyl group may have an ethereal oxygen atom. Further, Rf.sub.1, Rf.sub.2, Rf.sub.3, and Rf.sub.4 may be linked to one another to form a ring having 4 or more and 8 or less carbon atoms, and the ring may include an ethereal oxygen atom.

The present invention relates to resin particles including a residue unit represented by the following general formula (1) and having a volume average particle diameter equal to or more than 5 m and equal to or less than 2008 m, and a method for producing thereof. Fruthermore the present invention relates to a fluororesin comprising a residue unit represented by a general formula (1) and having a weight average molecular weight Mw in a range of 510.sup.4 to 310.sup.5, and a yellow index of a heat-melted molded product (thickness 3 mm) after 24 h at 280 C. of equal to or less than 6, and a method for producing thereof.

##STR00001##

In the formula (1), Rf.sub.1, Rf.sub.2, Rf.sub.3, and Rf.sub.4 are each independently one of the groups consisting of a fluorine atom, a linear perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a branched perfluoroalkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, or a cyclic perfluoroalkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms. The perfluoroalkyl group may have an ethereal oxygen atom. Further, Rf.sub.1, Rf.sub.2, Rf.sub.3, and Rf.sub.4 may be linked to one another to form a ring having 4 or more and 8 or less carbon atoms, and the ring may include an ethereal oxygen atom.

The present invention relates to resin particles including a residue unit represented by the following general formula (1) and having a volume average particle diameter equal to or more than 5 m and equal to or less than 2000 m, and a method for producing thereof. Furthermore the present invention relates to a fluororesin comprising a residue unit represented by a general formula (1) and having a weight average molecular weight Mw in a range of 510.sup.4 to 310.sup.5, and a yellow index of a heat-melted molded product (thickness 3 mm) after 24 h at 280 C. of equal to or less than 6, and a method for producing thereof.

##STR00001##

In the formula (1), Rf.sub.1, Rf.sub.2, Rf.sub.3, and Rf.sub.4 are each independently one of the groups consisting of a fluorine atom, a linear perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a branched perfluoroalkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, or a cyclic perfluoroalkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms. The perfluoroalkyl group may have an ethereal oxygen atom. Further, Rf.sub.1, Rf.sub.2, Rf.sub.3, and Rf.sub.4 may be linked to one another to form a ring having 4 or more and 8 or less carbon atoms, and the ring may include an ethereal oxygen atom.

The present invention relates to resin particles including a residue unit represented by the following general formula (1) and having a volume average particle diameter equal to or more than 5 m and equal to or less than 2000 m, and a method for producing thereof. Furthermore the present invention relates to a fluororesin comprising a residue unit represented by a general formula (1) and having a weight average molecular weight Mw in a range of 510.sup.4 to 310.sup.5, and a yellow index of a heat-melted molded product (thickness 3 mm) after 24 h at 280 C. of equal to or less than 6, and a method for producing thereof.

##STR00001##

In the formula (1), Rf.sub.1, Rf.sub.2, Rf.sub.3, and Rf.sub.4 are each independently one of the groups consisting of a fluorine atom, a linear perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a branched perfluoroalkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, or a cyclic perfluoroalkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms. The perfluoroalkyl group may have an ethereal oxygen atom. Further, Rf.sub.1, Rf.sub.2, Rf.sub.3, and Rf.sub.4 may be linked to one another to form a ring having 4 or more and 8 or less carbon atoms, and the ring may include an ethereal oxygen atom.

Compositions are provided which may comprise a plurality of organic additive particles, the particles comprising a polymerization product of reactants comprising a dioxane/dioxolane monomer and a vinyl co-monomer, wherein the dioxane/dioxolane monomer is an ester of (meth)acrylic acid with an alcohol comprising a dioxane moiety, an ester of (meth)acrylic acid with an alcohol comprising a dioxolane moiety, or both. Toner and additive manufacturing compositions comprising the organic additive particles are also provided.

Latexes are provided which may comprise water and resin particles comprising a polymerization product of reactants comprising a dioxane/dioxolane monomer and an additional monomer, wherein the dioxane/dioxolane monomer is an ester of (meth)acrylic acid with an alcohol comprising a dioxane moiety, an ester of (meth)acrylic acid with an alcohol comprising a dioxolane moiety, or both.

The present teachings are directed at 1,1-di substituted alkene monomers (e.g., methylene beta-ketoester monomers), methods for producing the same, polymerizable compositions including a methylene beta-ketoester monomer, and polymers, compositions and products formed therefrom. The monomer preferably is a high purity monomer. In the method for producing the methylene beta-ketoesters of the invention, a beta-ketoester may be reacted with a source of formaldehyde. The methylene beta-ketoester monomers may be used in monomer-based products (e.g., inks, adhesives, coatings, sealants or reactive molding) and polymer-based products (e.g., fibers, films, sheets, medical polymers, composite polymers and surfactants).

The present teachings are directed at 1,1-di substituted alkene monomers (e.g., methylene beta-ketoester monomers), methods for producing the same, polymerizable compositions including a methylene beta-ketoester monomer, and polymers, compositions and products formed therefrom. The monomer preferably is a high purity monomer. In the method for producing the methylene beta-ketoesters of the invention, a beta-ketoester may be reacted with a source of formaldehyde. The methylene beta-ketoester monomers may be used in monomer-based products (e.g., inks, adhesives, coatings, sealants or reactive molding) and polymer-based products (e.g., fibers, films, sheets, medical polymers, composite polymers and surfactants).

A fluororesin that includes a residue unit represented by formula (1), and a terminal group represented by formula (2); and a fluororesin that includes a residue unit represented by formula (1) and has a transmittance of 50% or more measured at an optical path length of 10 mm and a wavelength of 275 nm when dissolved in perfluorohexane to produce a 10 wt % perfluorohexane solution. In formula (1): Rf.sub.1, Rf.sub.2, Rf.sub.3, and Rf.sub.4 each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of fluorine atoms, C1-7 linear perfluoroalkyl groups, C3-7 branched perfluoroalkyl groups, or C3-7 cyclic perfluoroalkyl groups; the perfluoroalkyl groups may have an etheric oxygen atom; Rf.sub.1, Rf.sub.2, Rf.sub.3, and Rf.sub.4 may bond to each other to form a ring having 4 to 8 carbon atoms; and the ring may include an etheric oxygen atom. In formula (2), i is an integer of 3-20.

##STR00001##

##STR00002##